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Gynecology > Uterine > Flashcards

Uterine Flashcards

1
Q

What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Any symptomatic variation from normal menstruation (regularity, frequency, volume and duration)

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2
Q

What are the 3 main causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and examples of each?

A

Intermenstrual - ectopic, hormonal, infection, polyps, fibroids, iatrogenic
Post coital - infection, ectropion, cancer, trauma
Breakthrough - oral contraception

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Extremes of reproductive age
PCOS
Endocrine disorders
Obesity

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4
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A 
Menstrual irregularity 
Anemia 
Uterine bleeding
Hirsutism
Acne
Acanthosis nigricans
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5
Q

What are the investigations completed to diagnose dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Pregnancy test
STI test
Transvaginal ultrasound
Endometrial biopsy

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6
Q

What is the most common type of endometrial cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma in the corpus mucosa

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?

A 
Obesity
>50 years old
Endogenous oestrogen
Tamoxifen 
Insulin resistance 
Family history
PCOS
Radiotherapy
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8
Q

What are the investigations to diagnose endometrial cancer?

A 
Transvaginal ultrasound
Endometrial biopsy
Hysteroscopy
PAP smear
FBC
MRI/CT
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9
Q

What is the management for endometrial cancer?

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal treatment

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10
Q

What is a uterine fibroid?

A

Benign tumors of the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

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11
Q

What are the risk factors for fibroids?

A

Obesity
Black ethnicity
HTN

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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of fibroids?

A 
Menorrhagia
Irregular firm central pelvic mass
Pelvic pain
Bloating
Urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence
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13
Q

What are the investigations done to diagnose a fibroid?

A 
Ultrasound
Endometrial biopsy
Sonohysterography
Hysteroscopy
MRI
Laparoscopy
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14
Q

What is the management for a fibroid?

A

GNRH agonists, Mifepristone, levonorgestrel IUD, NSAIDS
Myomectomy
Uterine artery embolisation
Hysterectomy

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15
Q

What is a uterine prolapse?

A

Loss of anatomical support for the uterus - can involve anterior and posterior vagina.

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16
Q

What are the causes of uterine prolapse?

A

Pregnancy
Hysterectomy
Joint hypermobility
Connective tissue disorders

17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of uterine prolapse?

A 
Vaginal protrusion
Vaginal pressure
Urinary incontinence 
Constipation
Lower back pain
18
Q

What are the investigations to diagnose a prolapse?

A

Post Void Residual volume
Urinalysis
Urodynamics

19
Q

What is the management for a prolapse?

A

Watchful waiting
Pessaries
Surgery

20
Q

What are the causes of endometritis?

A 
STDs
TB
Pregnancy
Hysterectoscopy
IUD
21
Q

What are the risk factors for endometritis?

A 
C section
PROM
Long labour
Manual placental removal
Severe meconium stained amniotic
Extremes of maternal age
22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of endometritis?

A 
Abdominal swelling
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Constipation
Fever
Lower abdominal pain
Dysuria
23
Q

What are the investigations needed to diagnose endometritis?

A

Blood cultures
Endometrial biopsy
Laparoscopy
FBC, ESR, CRP

24
Q

What is the management for endometritis?

A

Antibiotics, IV Fluids
Practise safe sex
Routine screening

25
Q

What are the 2 main deformities of the uterus?

A

Bicornuate uterus

Uterus Didelphys

26
Q

What is a bicornuate uterus?

A

A heart shaped uterus

27
Q

What are the causes of a bicornuate uterus?

A

Congenital abnormality

28
Q

What are the symptoms of a bicornuate uterus?

A 
Irregular vaginal bleeding
Repeated miscarriage
Painful periods
Abdominal discomfort
Pain during intercourse
29
Q

What are the investigations to diagnose a bicornuate uterus?

A

Ultrasound
MRI
Hysterosalpingogram
Pelvic exam

30
Q

What is the treatment for a bicornuate uterus?

A

Strassman Meteroplasty

31
Q

What is uterus didelphys?

A

A double uterus

32
Q

What causes a double uterus?

A

Fusion of the mullerian ducts fails to happen - 2 uteri

33
Q

What are the symptoms of a uterus didelphys?

A

Repeated miscarriage

Menstruation not stopped by tampon

34
Q

What are the investigations to diagnose a double uterus?

A

Ultrasound
Sonohystogram
MRI
Hysterosalpingography

35
Q

What is the treatment for a uterus didelphys?

A

Remove the wall between the 2 uteri

Gynecology (5 decks)

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