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Gynecology > Cervical > Flashcards

Cervical Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of cervicitis?

A 
Neisseria Gonorrhea 
Chlamydia trachomatis
HSV
Trauma
Radiation
Malignancy
Vaginal douches
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2
Q

What are the risk factors for cervicitis?

A

Multiple sexual partners
Previous STI
Bacterial Vaginosis
Age 15-25

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cervicitis?

A 
Purulent vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Urinary frequency
Intermenstrual/postcoital bleeding
Easily induced cervical bleeding
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4
Q

What are the investigations needed to diagnose cervicitis?

A

Speculum examination
Pregnancy test
Nucleic acid amplification test

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5
Q

What is cervical dysplasia?

A

Abnormal cell growth of cells in the cervix

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6
Q

What causes cervical dysplasia?

A

HPV 16/18 infection

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for cervical dysplasia?

A

Sexual contact
Smoking
Immunosupression

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8
Q

What are the investigations to diagnose cervical dysplasia?

A

PAP smear
Coloscopy
Endometrial biopsy
HPV DNA test

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9
Q

What is the management for cervical dysplasia?

A 
Watch and wait
Cryosurgery
Laser therapy
Loop excision
Safe sex
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10
Q

What are cervical polyps?

A

Benign growths from the inner surface of the cervix - malignant potential

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11
Q

What are the causes of cervical polyps?

A

Inflammation (HPV, herpes, pregnancy, miscarriage)
Oestrogen
Congestion of cervical vasculature

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12
Q

What are the risk factors for cervical polyps?

A

Obesity
HTN
Post menopausal
Tamoxifen treatment

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of cervical polyps?

A

Abnormal vaginal bleeding - menorrhagia, intermenstrual, post-coital, postmenopausal)

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14
Q

What are the investigations to diagnose a cervical polyp?

A

Histology
Swabs
Cervical smear

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15
Q

What is the treatment for cervical polyps?

A

Polypectomy

Diathermy loop excision

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16
Q

What is cervical ectropion?

A

Eversion of the endocervix - stratified squamous epithelium exposed to outer surface (metaplastic change induced by oestrogen - usually stratified squamous cells)

17
Q

What are the risk factors for cervical ectropion?

A

COCP
Pregnancy
Adolescence
Menstruation

18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cervical ectropion?

A

Abnormal vaginal bleeding - intermenstrual, post coital

19
Q

What are the investigations to diagnose a cervical ectropion?

A

Pregnancy test
Triple swab
Cervical smear

20
Q

What is the treatment for cervical ectropion?

A

Don’t treat unless symptomatic
Stop oestrogen medications
Ablation of columnar epithelium - cryotherapy or electrocautery.

21
Q

What is an incompetent cervix?

A

Weak cervical tissues that causes cervix to dilate and thin before term

22
Q

What are the causes of an incompetent cervix?

A 
Cervical trauma (PAP smear, cervical tear)
Congenital conditions (uterine abnormalities, collagen mutations, exposure to DES)
23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for incompetent cervix?

A

Sensation of pelvic pressure
Backache
Mild abdominal cramps
Change in vaginal discharge

24
Q

What is the cause of cervical cancer?

A

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - HPV 16/18 infection

25
Q

What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?

A

Smoking
STIs
COCP long term use >8yrs

26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer?

A

Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Vaginal discharge
Pelvic pain
Weight loss

27
Q

What are the investigations to diagnose cervical cancer?

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy

Gynecology (5 decks)

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