Vagal Indigestion Flashcards
What is type 1 vagal indigestion?
Failure of eructation
What are the causes of type 1 vagal indigestion?
- Choke
2. Enlarged mediastinal LN
Where on a cow would you see distension associated with a type 1 VI?
High on the left
What is type 2 VI?
Omasal transport failure
What are the causes of type 2 VI?
- Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
- Right reticular adhesions
- Left cranial liver lobe causing pressure on vagus
- Other inflammatory condition
What is the #1 cause of type 2 VI?
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (hardware disease)
What is a type 3 VI?
Abomasal transport failure
What type of distension would you see with type 2 VI?
High and low on the left and low on the right
What type of distension would you see with type 3 VI?
High and low on the left and low on the right
What are 4 causes of type 3 VI?
- Secondary to abdominal surgery
- Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
- Neurogenic
- Advanced pregnancy
What is a type 4 VI?
VI of late gestation
How would you treat a type 4 VI?
Induce parturition
What are the 2 categories of indigestion?
- Motor disorders
2. Microbial/biochemical disorders
What are 3 examples of microbial/biochemical disorders?
- Rumen acidosis
- Rumen alkalosis
- Simple indigestion
What are 4 examples of motor disorders?
- Reticulitis/rumenitis
- Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
- Bloat
- Vagal indigestion
What are the clinical signs associated with simple indigestion?
- Inappetence
- Decreased rumen motility
- Abnormal feces
- Ration change
- Imbalance in microflora
- Mild acidosis or alkalosis of rumen
- Moderate decrease in milk products
What are 3 differentials of simple indigestion?
- TRP
- LDA
- Ketosis
How do you determine a ketosis?
Anything above 1.2 on the meter
How would you treat a simple indigestion?
- Attain a normal rumen environment
- Rumen transfaunation
- Antacids
Acute rumen lactic acidosis is also known as what?
Grain overload
Explain the pathophysiology of actue rumen lactic acidosis.
Excess carbohydrates –> strep bovis metabolizes carbs to ATP –> lactic acid produced –> rumen pH falls –> protozoa die off –> bacteria die off –> lactobacilli remain –> rumen wall damaged –> VFAs and ketones are absorbed across the rumen wall
What are the 4 differential diagnoses for acute rumen lactic acidosis?
- Polioencephalomalacia
- Urolithiasis
- Fulminating peritonitis
- Hypocalcemia
What would you see on clinical pathology with an acute rumen lactic acidosis?
- Urine pH = 5
- Blood pH < 7.2
- Rumen pH < 5
- Hemoconcentration
What are 4 tx options for acute rumen lactic acidosis?
- Antacids
- Empty rumen
- Rehydration
- Treat acidosis
How might one prevent acute rumen lactic acidosis? (5)
- Ionophores
- Self-feeders
- Roughage > 10%
- Avoid sudden diet changes
- Regular feeding intervals, bunk space
What are 3 possible sequela to acute rumen lactic acidosis?
- Laminitis
- Chronic rumenitis
- Liver abscesses
What are the components of chronic rumen acidosis?
- Rumen pH 5 - 5.5
- Laminitis
- Liver abscesses
- Reduced productivity
How does chronic rumen acidosis start out?
Sub-acute rumen acidosis
When do you see rumen alkalosis?
With an abundance of NPN ingestion
What are 3 NPN sources?
- Urea
- Ammonia
- Soybean overload
With rumen alkalosis, what is the pH?
> 7.5
What is your treatment method for rumen alkalosis?
Administer acetic acid
Is rumen alkalosis associated with systemic alkalosis or acidosis?
Systemic acidosis
What is the shape of distension associated with rumen alkalosis?
High on the left, low on the right
In which is hardware disease common, cattle or sheep?
Cattle
With hardware disease, where in the GIT do objects get lodged?
Reticulum
What clinical signs are associated with hardware disease?
- Anorexia
- Decreased rumen motility
- Low grade fever
- Increased heart rate
- Bloat
- Drop in milk production
What type on onset is associated with hardware disease, sudden or delayed?
Sudden
What would you see on clinical pathology with hardware disease?
- Neutrophilia with left shift
- Elevated fibrinogen
- Mild ketosis
- Low WBC
What are the 8 sequela associated with hardware disease?
- Pericarditis
- Peritonitis
- Pleuritis
- Hepatitis
- Splenitis
- Pneumonia
- Vagal indigestion
- Sudden death
True or False: Bloat is an emergency.
TRUE
Which of the following may be consistent with generalized distention of the left side of the abdomen, frothy bloat or free gas?
Frothy bloat
Which of the following has lost the rumen fiber mat and has lost normal stratification, frothy bloat or free gas?
Frothy bloat
Which is easier to treat, frothy bloat or free gas?
Free gas
Frothy bloat is associated with ____ and _____.
Legumes and carbohydrates
How would you treat a frothy bloat?
- Stomach tube
2. Poloxaline
