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Large Animal Medicine > Vagal Indigestion > Flashcards

Vagal Indigestion Flashcards

1
Q

What is type 1 vagal indigestion?

A

Failure of eructation

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2
Q

What are the causes of type 1 vagal indigestion?

A
  1. Choke

2. Enlarged mediastinal LN

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3
Q

Where on a cow would you see distension associated with a type 1 VI?

A

High on the left

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4
Q

What is type 2 VI?

A

Omasal transport failure

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5
Q

What are the causes of type 2 VI?

A
  1. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
  2. Right reticular adhesions
  3. Left cranial liver lobe causing pressure on vagus
  4. Other inflammatory condition
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6
Q

What is the #1 cause of type 2 VI?

A

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (hardware disease)

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7
Q

What is a type 3 VI?

A

Abomasal transport failure

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8
Q

What type of distension would you see with type 2 VI?

A

High and low on the left and low on the right

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9
Q

What type of distension would you see with type 3 VI?

A

High and low on the left and low on the right

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10
Q

What are 4 causes of type 3 VI?

A
  1. Secondary to abdominal surgery
  2. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
  3. Neurogenic
  4. Advanced pregnancy
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11
Q

What is a type 4 VI?

A

VI of late gestation

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12
Q

How would you treat a type 4 VI?

A

Induce parturition

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13
Q

What are the 2 categories of indigestion?

A
  1. Motor disorders

2. Microbial/biochemical disorders

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of microbial/biochemical disorders?

A
  1. Rumen acidosis
  2. Rumen alkalosis
  3. Simple indigestion
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15
Q

What are 4 examples of motor disorders?

A
  1. Reticulitis/rumenitis
  2. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
  3. Bloat
  4. Vagal indigestion
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16
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with simple indigestion?

A
  1. Inappetence
  2. Decreased rumen motility
  3. Abnormal feces
  4. Ration change
  5. Imbalance in microflora
  6. Mild acidosis or alkalosis of rumen
  7. Moderate decrease in milk products
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17
Q

What are 3 differentials of simple indigestion?

A
  1. TRP
  2. LDA
  3. Ketosis
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18
Q

How do you determine a ketosis?

A

Anything above 1.2 on the meter

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19
Q

How would you treat a simple indigestion?

A
  1. Attain a normal rumen environment
  2. Rumen transfaunation
  3. Antacids
20
Q

Acute rumen lactic acidosis is also known as what?

A

Grain overload

21
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of actue rumen lactic acidosis.

A

Excess carbohydrates –> strep bovis metabolizes carbs to ATP –> lactic acid produced –> rumen pH falls –> protozoa die off –> bacteria die off –> lactobacilli remain –> rumen wall damaged –> VFAs and ketones are absorbed across the rumen wall

22
Q

What are the 4 differential diagnoses for acute rumen lactic acidosis?

A
  1. Polioencephalomalacia
  2. Urolithiasis
  3. Fulminating peritonitis
  4. Hypocalcemia
23
Q

What would you see on clinical pathology with an acute rumen lactic acidosis?

A
  1. Urine pH = 5
  2. Blood pH < 7.2
  3. Rumen pH < 5
  4. Hemoconcentration
24
Q

What are 4 tx options for acute rumen lactic acidosis?

A
  1. Antacids
  2. Empty rumen
  3. Rehydration
  4. Treat acidosis
25
Q

How might one prevent acute rumen lactic acidosis? (5)

A
  1. Ionophores
  2. Self-feeders
  3. Roughage > 10%
  4. Avoid sudden diet changes
  5. Regular feeding intervals, bunk space
26
Q

What are 3 possible sequela to acute rumen lactic acidosis?

A
  1. Laminitis
  2. Chronic rumenitis
  3. Liver abscesses
27
Q

What are the components of chronic rumen acidosis?

A
  1. Rumen pH 5 - 5.5
  2. Laminitis
  3. Liver abscesses
  4. Reduced productivity
28
Q

How does chronic rumen acidosis start out?

A

Sub-acute rumen acidosis

29
Q

When do you see rumen alkalosis?

A

With an abundance of NPN ingestion

30
Q

What are 3 NPN sources?

A
  1. Urea
  2. Ammonia
  3. Soybean overload
31
Q

With rumen alkalosis, what is the pH?

A

> 7.5

32
Q

What is your treatment method for rumen alkalosis?

A

Administer acetic acid

33
Q

Is rumen alkalosis associated with systemic alkalosis or acidosis?

A

Systemic acidosis

34
Q

What is the shape of distension associated with rumen alkalosis?

A

High on the left, low on the right

35
Q

In which is hardware disease common, cattle or sheep?

A

Cattle

36
Q

With hardware disease, where in the GIT do objects get lodged?

A

Reticulum

37
Q

What clinical signs are associated with hardware disease?

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Decreased rumen motility
  3. Low grade fever
  4. Increased heart rate
  5. Bloat
  6. Drop in milk production
38
Q

What type on onset is associated with hardware disease, sudden or delayed?

A

Sudden

39
Q

What would you see on clinical pathology with hardware disease?

A
  1. Neutrophilia with left shift
  2. Elevated fibrinogen
  3. Mild ketosis
  4. Low WBC
40
Q

What are the 8 sequela associated with hardware disease?

A
  1. Pericarditis
  2. Peritonitis
  3. Pleuritis
  4. Hepatitis
  5. Splenitis
  6. Pneumonia
  7. Vagal indigestion
  8. Sudden death
41
Q

True or False: Bloat is an emergency.

A

TRUE

42
Q

Which of the following may be consistent with generalized distention of the left side of the abdomen, frothy bloat or free gas?

A

Frothy bloat

43
Q

Which of the following has lost the rumen fiber mat and has lost normal stratification, frothy bloat or free gas?

A

Frothy bloat

44
Q

Which is easier to treat, frothy bloat or free gas?

A

Free gas

45
Q

Frothy bloat is associated with ____ and _____.

A

Legumes and carbohydrates

46
Q

How would you treat a frothy bloat?

A
  1. Stomach tube

2. Poloxaline

Large Animal Medicine (6 decks)

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