Swine Enteric DIseases

Question 1

If a sow is off-feed for 1.5 - 2 days, what are some things you can implement to encourage them to eat?

Answer 1

1. Room temp of 65 F
2. Vitamin B12 injection
3. Wet feed
4. Exercise if constipated

Question 2

What is MMA?

Answer 2

Mastitis, metritis, agalactia (a “garbage can” diagnosis for sows off-feed, febrile, and not milking will.

Question 3

What are the signs of mastitis in a sow?

Answer 3

1. Swollen, warm, sensitive mammary glands
2. Lying on belly
3. Off-feed
4. Piglets hungry, gaunt, maybe with diarrhea

Question 4

When would you most expect to see constipation in the sow?

Answer 4

24 - 36 hours after farrowing

Question 5

How might you relieve or prevent constipation in these sows?

Answer 5

1. Exercise
2. Feeding
3. Manual removal
4. Soap enema
5. Laxatives

Question 6

An elevation in rectal temp is normal following farrowing. When would you see the greatest elevation?

Answer 6

24 hours post farrowing

Question 7

When does sow milk have most antibodies, 6 hours post farrowing or 48 hours post farrowing?

Answer 7

6 hours post farrowing

Question 8

When does piglet serum have the most antibodies, 6 or 48 hours post farrowing?

Answer 8

48 hours post farrowing

Question 9

How much colostrum (mL) should a piglet receive?

Answer 9

240 - 255 mL

Question 10

True or False: In the sow, colostrum production is equivalent to the litter sow.

Answer 10

FALSE: colostrum production is NOT related to litter size.

Question 11

Colostrum is the source of what 3 things?

Answer 11

1. Antibodies
2. Glucose
3. Fat

Question 12

How long after birth should piglets get colostrum?

Answer 12

6 hours post farrowing

Question 13

What is the average time to first suckle?

Answer 13

29 minutes +/- 2 minutes

Question 14

Colostrum is involved in intestinal physiology, improving growth, structure, and function. Colostrum can increase absorptive capabilities of the gut by how much?

Answer 14

100X

Question 15

What type of antibody does the colostrum provide?

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

What type of antibody does the remainder of the milk provide?

Answer 16

IgA

Question 17

Which of the enteric organisms cause hypersecretory diarrhea?

Answer 17

1. Salmonella typhimurium
2. Enterotoxigenic E.coli
3. C. perf type A
4. C. difficile
5. Rotavirus

Question 18

What are the 6 causes of neonatal diarrhea in the pig?

Answer 18

1. Rotavirus
2. E.coli
3. PED
4. TGE
5. Coccidiosis
6. Clostridium spp. (C. perf Type A and C, C. difficile)

Question 19

What is the causative organism of coccidiosis?

Answer 19

Isospora canis

Question 20

At what age would you see coccidiosis most commonly in piglets?

Answer 20

Minimum age of 5 days old

Question 21

How would you treat coccidiosis in piglets?

Answer 21

No approved treatment at this time. Ponazuril (Marquis) is an anti-protozoal oral paste by Bayer.

Question 22

How would you prevent Clostrium in pigs?

Answer 22

1. Vaccinate pre-farrow

2. Feed sows BMD 14 days pre-farrow and lactation

Question 23

Is E.coli pre-weaning typically hemolytic or non-hemolytic?

Answer 23

Non-hemolytic

Question 24

Is E.coli post-weaning typically hemolytic or non-hemolytic?

Answer 24

Hemolytic

Question 25

What is the most common E.coli pillus antigen in the U.S.?

Answer 25

F18

Question 26

What are the differential diagnoses for post-weaning diarrhea caused by E.coli?

Answer 26

1. PED 2. TGE 3. Coronavirus

Question 27

Which of the E.coli fimbrial antigen receptors is not present in the intestine until after 20 days of age?

Answer 27

F18

Question 28

Which of the E.coli fimbrial antigen receptors is present in pigs from the neonatal period throughout post-weaning?

Answer 28

F4 (K88)

Question 29

What does the STa E.coli enterotoxin cause?

Answer 29

Decreased absorption of water and electrolytes

Question 30

What does the STb E.coli enterotoxin cause?

Answer 30

Increased fluid secretion from enterocytes

Question 31

What does the LT E.coli enterotoxin cause?

Answer 31

Increased secretion of Na, Cl, HCO3

Question 32

What does the Stx2e E.coli enterotoxin cause?

Answer 32

Increased vascular permeability

Question 33

Which enterotoxin is responsible for E.coli edema disease?

Answer 33

Shiga-like toxin (Stx2e)

Question 34

What are the 2 general effects of the shiga-like toxin?

Answer 34

1. Vascular effects | 2. CNS signs: focal encephalomalacia

Question 35

What are some of the pre-disposing factors for post-weaning diarrhea in piglets?

Answer 35

1. Chilling (cold floors, drafts) 2. Poor diet quality 3. Feed changes, medication changes 4. Poor sanitation between groups

Question 36

What are the "nutritional" preventatives for post-weaning diarrhea?

Answer 36

1. Zinc oxide 2. Plasma proteins 3. Citric acid 4. Vitamins and electrolytes

Question 37

What is the causative agent of ileitis (PPE and PIA) in swine?

Answer 37

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 38

What is PPE?

Answer 38

Porcine proliferative enteritis

Question 39

What is PIA?

Answer 39

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis

Question 40

What are the 3 main forms of PPE?

Answer 40

1. PIA 2. Necrotic form 3. Acute hemorrhagic form

Question 41

Describe the necrotic form of PPE.

Answer 41

Fibrinonecrotic membrane forms over the mucosa of the ileum and may extend to the colon.

Question 42

Describe the acute hemorrhagic form.

Answer 42

Sudden death

Question 43

What are the clinical signs of ileitis?

Answer 43

1. Poor-doers (malabsorption, PLE) 2. Diarrhea 3. Light-weight pigs

Question 44

How would one treat ileitis in the pig?

Answer 44

1. Antibiotics (Tylosin, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Carbadox) | 2. Acute hemorrhagic form: Tylosin, Tiamulin