Swine Enteric DIseases Flashcards
If a sow is off-feed for 1.5 - 2 days, what are some things you can implement to encourage them to eat?
- Room temp of 65 F
- Vitamin B12 injection
- Wet feed
- Exercise if constipated
What is MMA?
Mastitis, metritis, agalactia (a “garbage can” diagnosis for sows off-feed, febrile, and not milking will.
What are the signs of mastitis in a sow?
- Swollen, warm, sensitive mammary glands
- Lying on belly
- Off-feed
- Piglets hungry, gaunt, maybe with diarrhea
When would you most expect to see constipation in the sow?
24 - 36 hours after farrowing
How might you relieve or prevent constipation in these sows?
- Exercise
- Feeding
- Manual removal
- Soap enema
- Laxatives
An elevation in rectal temp is normal following farrowing. When would you see the greatest elevation?
24 hours post farrowing
When does sow milk have most antibodies, 6 hours post farrowing or 48 hours post farrowing?
6 hours post farrowing
When does piglet serum have the most antibodies, 6 or 48 hours post farrowing?
48 hours post farrowing
How much colostrum (mL) should a piglet receive?
240 - 255 mL
True or False: In the sow, colostrum production is equivalent to the litter sow.
FALSE: colostrum production is NOT related to litter size.
Colostrum is the source of what 3 things?
- Antibodies
- Glucose
- Fat
How long after birth should piglets get colostrum?
6 hours post farrowing
What is the average time to first suckle?
29 minutes +/- 2 minutes
Colostrum is involved in intestinal physiology, improving growth, structure, and function. Colostrum can increase absorptive capabilities of the gut by how much?
100X
What type of antibody does the colostrum provide?
IgG
What type of antibody does the remainder of the milk provide?
IgA
Which of the enteric organisms cause hypersecretory diarrhea?
- Salmonella typhimurium
- Enterotoxigenic E.coli
- C. perf type A
- C. difficile
- Rotavirus
What are the 6 causes of neonatal diarrhea in the pig?
- Rotavirus
- E.coli
- PED
- TGE
- Coccidiosis
- Clostridium spp. (C. perf Type A and C, C. difficile)
What is the causative organism of coccidiosis?
Isospora canis
At what age would you see coccidiosis most commonly in piglets?
Minimum age of 5 days old
How would you treat coccidiosis in piglets?
No approved treatment at this time. Ponazuril (Marquis) is an anti-protozoal oral paste by Bayer.
How would you prevent Clostrium in pigs?
- Vaccinate pre-farrow
2. Feed sows BMD 14 days pre-farrow and lactation
Is E.coli pre-weaning typically hemolytic or non-hemolytic?
Non-hemolytic
Is E.coli post-weaning typically hemolytic or non-hemolytic?
Hemolytic
What is the most common E.coli pillus antigen in the U.S.?
F18
What are the differential diagnoses for post-weaning diarrhea caused by E.coli?
- PED
- TGE
- Coronavirus
Which of the E.coli fimbrial antigen receptors is not present in the intestine until after 20 days of age?
F18
Which of the E.coli fimbrial antigen receptors is present in pigs from the neonatal period throughout post-weaning?
F4 (K88)
What does the STa E.coli enterotoxin cause?
Decreased absorption of water and electrolytes
What does the STb E.coli enterotoxin cause?
Increased fluid secretion from enterocytes
What does the LT E.coli enterotoxin cause?
Increased secretion of Na, Cl, HCO3
What does the Stx2e E.coli enterotoxin cause?
Increased vascular permeability
Which enterotoxin is responsible for E.coli edema disease?
Shiga-like toxin (Stx2e)
What are the 2 general effects of the shiga-like toxin?
- Vascular effects
2. CNS signs: focal encephalomalacia
What are some of the pre-disposing factors for post-weaning diarrhea in piglets?
- Chilling (cold floors, drafts)
- Poor diet quality
- Feed changes, medication changes
- Poor sanitation between groups
What are the “nutritional” preventatives for post-weaning diarrhea?
- Zinc oxide
- Plasma proteins
- Citric acid
- Vitamins and electrolytes
What is the causative agent of ileitis (PPE and PIA) in swine?
Lawsonia intracellularis
What is PPE?
Porcine proliferative enteritis
What is PIA?
Porcine intestinal adenomatosis
What are the 3 main forms of PPE?
- PIA
- Necrotic form
- Acute hemorrhagic form
Describe the necrotic form of PPE.
Fibrinonecrotic membrane forms over the mucosa of the ileum and may extend to the colon.
Describe the acute hemorrhagic form.
Sudden death
What are the clinical signs of ileitis?
- Poor-doers (malabsorption, PLE)
- Diarrhea
- Light-weight pigs
How would one treat ileitis in the pig?
- Antibiotics (Tylosin, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Carbadox)
2. Acute hemorrhagic form: Tylosin, Tiamulin
