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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Vaccines & Sera > Flashcards

Vaccines & Sera Flashcards

1
Q

What are the actions of Biologicals?

A
  • Stimulate the production of antibodies
  • Provide preformed antibodies to facilitate an immune reaction
  • React specifically with the toxins produced by an invading pathogen
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of immunity?

A

Active and Passive Immunity.

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3
Q

Explain active immunity.

A

The body recognizes a foreign protein and begins producing antibodies to react with it.

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4
Q

Explain passive immunity.

A

Occurs when preformed antibodies are injected into the system and react with a specific antigen.

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5
Q

What lifespan considerations should we take into account when giving Biologicals to children?

A
  • Parents should have a copy of immunization record
  • All adverse effects should be reported
  • Vaccines may be given in divided dose to prevent adverse effects
  • Encourage parent to provide comfort measures
  • Reassurance of safety of vaccines- provide written information
  • Immune sera for specific exposure
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6
Q

What lifespan considerations should we take into account when giving Biologicals to adults?

A
  • Travel
  • Yearly vaccines
  • Boosters
  • High risk groups
  • Immune sera for specific exposure
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7
Q

What lifespan considerations should we take into account when giving Biologicals to older adults?

A

Pneumonia
* Yearly influenza
* Tetanus booster
* Travel
* Immune sera for specific exposure : Increased risk for adverse effects, Monitor closely

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8
Q

Define Immunization.

A
  • The process of artificially stimulating active immunity
  • Exposes the body to weakened or less toxic proteins associated with specific disease-causing
    organisms
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9
Q

What is the goal of Immunization?

A

To cause an immune response without having the patient suffer the full course of a disease.

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10
Q

What are the names of the childhood vaccinations?

A
  • Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
  • Haemophilus B
  • Hepatitis B, hepatitis A
  • Chickenpox
  • Poliovirus
  • Meningitis
  • Measles, mumps, and rubella
  • Rotavirus
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11
Q

What indicates the use of vaccinations?

A
  • Stimulate active immunity in people who are at risk
  • The vaccines that are needed depends on the exposure the person
    will have to pathogens
  • Vaccines are thought to provide life-long immunity
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12
Q

What are some scenarios where the use of vaccinations are absolutely contraindicated?

A

Severe or life-threatening allergic reaction to any component in the vaccine

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13
Q

What are some scenarios where the use of vaccinations are relatively contraindicated?

A
  • Presence of immune deficiency
  • Pregnancy
  • Mild/Moderate allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine
  • Patients receiving immune globulin or who have received blood or blood products within the
    last 3 months
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14
Q

What are some conditions in patients that would prompt caution with the use of vaccines?

A
  • febrile convulsions or cerebral injury
  • conditions in which high fever would be dangerous
  • acute infection
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15
Q

What are some known adverse reactions to vaccines?

A

 fever, chills, malaise, fretfulness, irritability
 anorexia, vomiting
 Rash
 Pain, Redness, Swelling at injection Site

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16
Q

Are there any DDI’s to vaccines. and if so, what are they?

A

Immunosuppressants

17
Q

What assessments should be done prior to giving a patient a vaccine?

A
  • History
  • Allergy; pregnancy; recent administration of immune globulin or blood products; immune
    deficiency; acute infection
  • Physical
  • Assess skin; check temperature; VS; LS; level of orientation and affect
  • Evaluate ROM of extremity to be used; assess tissue perfusion
18
Q

What nursing diagnoses should we expect prior to giving a patient a vaccination?

A
  • Acute pain/Impaired comfort related to injection, gastrointestinal (GI), and flu-like effects
  • Ineffective/Altered tissue perfusion if severe reaction occurs
  • Deficient knowledge regarding drug therapy
19
Q

What implementations should we be prepared to do after giving a patient a vaccination? (long answer)

A
  • Do not use to treat acute infection
  • Do not administer if the patient exhibits signs of acute infection or immune deficiency
  • Do not administer if the patient has received blood, blood products, or immune globulin within the last 3 months
  • Arrange for proper preparation and administration of the vaccine; check on the timing and dose of each injection
  • Maintain emergency equipment on standby, including epinephrine
  • Arrange for supportive care and comfort measures for flu- like symptoms and for injection discomfort
  • Do not administer aspirin to children for the treatment of discomforts associated with the immunization
  • Provide thorough patient teaching
  • Provide a written record of the immunization, including
    the need to return for booster immunizations and timing of the boosters, if necessary
20
Q

Define Immune Sera.

A

Sera that contain antibodies to specific bacteria or viruses.

21
Q

What two types of immune sera are there?

A

Antitoxin and antivenom

  • Immune sera that have antibodies to specific toxins that might be released by invading
    pathogens, or to venom from spider or snake bites
22
Q

What it the action of Immune Sera?

A

Provide passive immunity to a specific antigen or disease

23
Q

When would we use Immune Sera?

A
  • Used as prophylaxis against specific disease after exposure
  • May lessen the severity of a disease
24
Q

What is a relative contraindication to the use of Immune Sera?

A

History of severe reaction to any immune sera

25
Q

What are some pre- existing conditions that would prompt caution with the use of Immune Sera?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Coagulation defects
  • Previous exposure to the immune sera
26
Q

What are some known adverse reactions to immune sera?

A
  • Rash, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever
  • Allergic reaction: chest tightness, decreased blood pressure, and difficulty breathing
  • Local reaction: swelling, tenderness, pain, and muscle stiffness at injection site
27
Q

Are there any DDI’s to Immune Sera. and if so, what are they?

A

Immunosuppressant drugs

28
Q

What should we be assessing for prior to giving a patient Immune Sera?

A
  • History : Allergy; pregnancy; previous exposure to the serum being used; thrombocytopenia or
    coagulation disorders; immunization history
  • Physical : Inspect skin; temperature; VS; LS; level of orientation and affect
29
Q

What nursing diagnoses should be made and prepared for prior to giving a patient immune sera?

A
  • Acute pain/Impaired comfort related to local, GI, and flu-like effects
  • Ineffective/Altered tissue perfusion related to possible severe reactions
  • Deficient knowledge regarding drug therapy
30
Q

What implementations should we be prepared to do after giving a patient Immune sera?

A
  • Do not administer to any patient with a history of severe reaction to immune globulins or to the components of the drug being used
  • Administer the drug as indicated
  • Monitor for severe reactions and have emergency equipment ready
  • Arrange for supportive care and comfort measures for flu- like symptoms and for the local reaction
  • Provide thorough patient teaching
  • Provide a written record of immune sera use, and encourage the patient or family to keep that information

Pharmacology Exam 3 (11 decks)

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