CNS Depressants and Stimulants Flashcards
Explain Anxiety
Reaction to a perceived or physical externa stimulus that leads to feeling nervous, fearful or tense.
Explain Anxiolytic
Drugs that depress the CNS and reduce anxiety.
Explain ADHD
Neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning.
What are Barbiturates?
CNS depressant agent that causes sedation, hypnosis and anesthetic effect.
What are Benzodiazepines?
Drug that enhances GABA, whihc is an inhibitor that decreases neuron firing. It is a CNS depressor used to reduce anxiety but can cause sedation and hypnosis at high doses.
What is Hypnosis?
Extreme sedation resulting in further CNS depression and sleep
What is a hypnotic?
Drugs used to cause CNS depression and sleep - drugs that leads to the state of hypnosis.
Explain Sedation?
Loss of awareness and reaction to environmental stimuli
What is a Sedative?
Drugs that cause CNS depression and leads to a loss of awareness and ability to react to the environment. - drugs that lead to a sedative state.
What is Basal Ganglia?
Group of brain structure that control smooth muscle movement, formation and various cognitive and emotional functions.
What is the Cerebellum?
Part of the lower brain responsible for coordination of muscle movements both voluntary and unconscious.
What is the Extrapyramidal tract?
Network of motor pathways in the brain and spinal chord that helps regulate involuntary and fine tuned movements. it also helps with posture, muscle tone and works alongside the pyramidal tract.
What is the Golgi tendon organ?
Receptor that perceives muscle tension. Too much tension will signal and inhibit neurons that decreases motor activity which causes the muscle to relax.
What is Hypertonia?
Too much muscle tension.
What is Interneuron?
Neuron that only communicates with other neurons and does not communicate with muscles or glands.
Explain muscle spasms
Sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, caused by injury or damage. Repeated spasms can be extremely painful.
What are muscle spindles?
Fibers in skeletal muscle that detect stretch or changes in muscle length and help regulate muscle tone and coordination.
What is the Pyramidal tract?
Group of fibers that travels through the brainstem into the spinal cord and are most important for controlling precise, intentional movements.
What is sliding filament mechanism?
The theory o how muscles contract and relax.
Explain spasticity
When muscles sustain contraction, stopping any normal movement and are resistant to stretching or flexibility while it is happening. It is usually caused by damage to the brain or spinal cord.
Can anxiety ever be a good thing? Why/ Why not?
Yes in moderation. It can motivate us to take extra precautions in dangerous scenarios. It is a helpful tool for the body to protect itself.
When is anxiety a problem?
When it becomes paralyzing and you are so anxious that you do nothing. For example too much social anxiety may cause people to never leave the house. A person cannot function properly or perform ADL’s due to the anxiety.
How does Anxiolytics help with anxiety?
They are used to depress the CNS and disrupt the constant stream of anxious thoughts and allow the person to participate in life the way they want to.
When are sedatives used in patients?
Used for patients who are overreacting to external stimuli, as well as patients who are nervous, irritable or restless.
The sedatives decrease their awareness to their surroundings , therefore decreasing their responsiveness to their environment. We should however make sure that we are not causing too much drowsiness.