vaccines- key stuff

Question 1

2 TB vax candidates and what they are made of

Answer 1

MTBVAC- live-attenuated M.tb
M72- subunit vaccine containing a conjugate of 2 proteins from M.tb

Question 2

name of a TB vaccine trial

Answer 2

IMAGINE trial for MTBVAC
there’s also an ongoing one for M72

Question 3

2 HIV vaccines

Answer 3

AIDSVAX- uses the protein gp120, a product of the env gene
ALVAC- multiple gene products

Question 4

2 HIV vaccine trials

Answer 4

RV144- AIDSVAX and ALVAC together, more effectiveness than the individual ones (31%, vs none)

PrEPVacc- PrEP, counselling, and vaccination with one of 2 candidates inc. AIDSVAX- didn’t show enough effectiveness to finish it

Question 5

meningitis vaccine history

Answer 5

plain polysaccharide- only actually got a memory response to serogroup A
conjugate vaccine- MCC vaccine, introduced 2000s-ish
W and Y additions- MenACWY, introduced 2015-ish
MenB, newer- Bexero, also 2015-ish for babies in the UK

Question 6

what makes Bexero any use

Answer 6

having 4 coat components

Question 7

3 stages you can target for malaria vaccination

Answer 7

pre-erithrocyte (blood stage)
erithrocyte (liver stage)
gametocyte (transmission stage)

Question 8

example of 2 pre-erithrocyte vaccine candidates

Answer 8

RTS,S and R21- both target surface elements but R21 has a few more elements on it
approved for use depending on availability, seem fairly similar effectiveness

Question 9

erithrocytic and transmission target examples

Answer 9

PfRH5- erithrocyte
Pfs230- most promising of the transmission targets so far
>neither approved or got very far, but like might work idk

Question 10

flu surface proteins

Answer 10

haemogglutinin and neuromanidase

Question 11

potential targets for a universal flu vaccine

Answer 11

chimeric, headless, or mosaic HA- e.g. cobra vaccine
T-cell directed approaches- targeting conserved internal proteins , e.g. PA, NP
M2e directed approaches- membrane-anchored, conserved protein