one health- stats etc Flashcards
when was the concept created
2004
name of the principles behind it
12 Manhattan Principles, updated Berlin Principles which were more focussed on zoonosis
how many new diseases are zoonoses
75%
where did MERS emerge from
camel
where did Zika emerge from
macaque
5 ways zoonoses are transmitted
airbourne transfer, vectors, close proximity, food-bourne, direct contact (bites)
ebola and deforestation
concentrating hosts in ‘corridors’ (patch isolation)- more oppurtunities for spread
percentage of ABx use in agriculture
73%
most common produce-transmitted illness, and what percentage it is
norovirus, 45%
disease with a major impact on pork trade
african swine fever- kills all pigs it infects
how many people don’t have safe drinking water
1 in 4
example of warming causing an issue
mosquito range expansion
environmental reservoirs of M bovis
can survive up to 40 days on hay/maize, 3 mo in soil (or longer if it gets in amoeba reservoirs), water 2 mo
example of an anti-bovine TB measure
badger culling in UK- actually didn’t help, drove badgers to move around more lol
maybe wanted to try vaccinating animal pops instead
one health successes- 2 examples
hendra virus in Aus- horse virus taken under control, vaccinated the horses and understood the reservoir properly
rabies in namibia- controlling rabies at the source, vaccinating dogs and educating communities
one health challenges
hard to get people to actually work together
lack of funding/disparities, especially between LMICs and HICs
need to show economic benefit for literally anything to happen
