Vaccines: bacterial and viral Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DTP vaccine? what type of vaccine is it?

A

Diptheria, tentanus and polio

Based on toxoids - subset vaccine for polio is inactivated due to risk of reversion to virulence

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2
Q

Why is boosting required for Heb B and DTP?

A

Not live attentuated vaccines so needed

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3
Q

What vaccines do you get at 8 weeks?

A

6-in-1 virus
Rotavirus
MenB

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4
Q

What vaccines do you get at 12 weeks?

A

6-in-1
Pneumococcal
Rotavirus

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5
Q

What vaccines do you get at 16 weeks?

A

6-in-1
MenB

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6
Q

What vaccines do you get at 1 year?

A

Hib/MenC
MMR
Pneumococcal
MenB

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7
Q

What vaccines do you get at 2-10 years?

A

Flu

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8
Q

What vaccines do you get at 3 years and 4 months?

A

MMR
4-in-1 pre-school booster

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9
Q

What vaccines do you get at 12-13 years?

A

HPV

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10
Q

Which vaccines do you get at 65 years?

A

Pneumococcal

Shingles - 70 years

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11
Q

What is neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • gram negative bacteria
  • meningitis, sepsis
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12
Q

Why was the menC vaccine replaced with the MenACWY vaccine in 2015?

A

To offer protection against four strains of meningococcal disease

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13
Q

What is shingles and how does it happen?

A

Caused by chickenpox virus, remains latent in spinal nerve cells and reactivated (usually when reduced immune system e..g old age)

2 vaccines:

  • live attentuated - zostavax
  • recombinant - shingrix
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14
Q

What is the HiB vaccine? and what is it used against?

A

used against H. influenzae - bacterial meningitis

  • Type B capsule polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria/tentanus toxoid OR meningococcal outer membrane proteins
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15
Q

How does the IgG produced by mother’s due to tetanus vaccination reach foetus?

A

Antibodies taken up by endocytosis where antibodies binds to receptor due to lower pH than in blood
Once release into foetal blood, higher pH so IgG is released from receptor in circulation

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16
Q

Why is tetanus toxoid vaccine given in pregnancy?

A

Tetanus toxoid vaccine in late pregnancy to produce IgG - against neonatal tetanus - antibodies transferred to foetus for protection

17
Q

Define invasive disease

A

Bacterium can be isolated from blood or another located that normally is sterile - usually in elderly and young

18
Q

What is antigentic shift in influenza + examples?

A

gene reassortment betweeen antigenically different strains producing hybrid e.g spanish flue, swine flu

19
Q

What is the difference between the DTaP and dTaP vaccine?

A

D = higher amount of toxoid

Contains Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis

20
Q

What does the pertussis vaccine prevent against?

A

Whooping cough

21
Q

What is the flu vaccine made up of?

A

Quadrivalent inactivated (two subtypes of fluA and two of fluB)