Vaccines: bacterial and viral Flashcards
What is DTP vaccine? what type of vaccine is it?
Diptheria, tentanus and polio
Based on toxoids - subset vaccine for polio is inactivated due to risk of reversion to virulence
Why is boosting required for Heb B and DTP?
Not live attentuated vaccines so needed
What vaccines do you get at 8 weeks?
6-in-1 virus
Rotavirus
MenB
What vaccines do you get at 12 weeks?
6-in-1
Pneumococcal
Rotavirus
What vaccines do you get at 16 weeks?
6-in-1
MenB
What vaccines do you get at 1 year?
Hib/MenC
MMR
Pneumococcal
MenB
What vaccines do you get at 2-10 years?
Flu
What vaccines do you get at 3 years and 4 months?
MMR
4-in-1 pre-school booster
What vaccines do you get at 12-13 years?
HPV
Which vaccines do you get at 65 years?
Pneumococcal
Shingles - 70 years
What is neisseria meningitidis?
- gram negative bacteria
- meningitis, sepsis
Why was the menC vaccine replaced with the MenACWY vaccine in 2015?
To offer protection against four strains of meningococcal disease
What is shingles and how does it happen?
Caused by chickenpox virus, remains latent in spinal nerve cells and reactivated (usually when reduced immune system e..g old age)
2 vaccines:
- live attentuated - zostavax
- recombinant - shingrix
What is the HiB vaccine? and what is it used against?
used against H. influenzae - bacterial meningitis
- Type B capsule polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria/tentanus toxoid OR meningococcal outer membrane proteins
How does the IgG produced by mother’s due to tetanus vaccination reach foetus?
Antibodies taken up by endocytosis where antibodies binds to receptor due to lower pH than in blood
Once release into foetal blood, higher pH so IgG is released from receptor in circulation
Why is tetanus toxoid vaccine given in pregnancy?
Tetanus toxoid vaccine in late pregnancy to produce IgG - against neonatal tetanus - antibodies transferred to foetus for protection
Define invasive disease
Bacterium can be isolated from blood or another located that normally is sterile - usually in elderly and young
What is antigentic shift in influenza + examples?
gene reassortment betweeen antigenically different strains producing hybrid e.g spanish flue, swine flu
What is the difference between the DTaP and dTaP vaccine?
D = higher amount of toxoid
Contains Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis
What does the pertussis vaccine prevent against?
Whooping cough
What is the flu vaccine made up of?
Quadrivalent inactivated (two subtypes of fluA and two of fluB)
