Vaccines Flashcards
adjuvent
a compound that increases the immunogenicity of an antigen
most common is aluminum salt Alum
passive immunization
- use of immune serum to give an immediate resistance to an infection
- tetanus Ig
active immunization
-act of immunizing with antigens to induce an immune response to a pathogen
live attenuated
-a weakened virus that can replicate to a limited extent
herd immunity
when enough individuals are immunized such that spread of an infection is slowed or halted
DPT
- older vaccine, used whole killed pertussis
- DTwP
- killed pertussis was really goo adjuvent
- strong innate immune response often led to fever
- some were severe
- many blamed vaccine for permanent disability
DTap
- replaced pertussis bacteria with acellular component-toxoid and other purified components
- uses aluminum salts
- much safer than DTP, less severe reactions
- immunity doesn’t last as long
Tdap
-reduced concentration used in adolescents and adults
DT and Td
boosters
Multivaccines
- DTap
- IPV
- Hib
disease vs vaccine
- diphtheria/ tetanus death 1/20
- pertussis pneumonia 1 in 8, encephalopathy 1/2, death 1/20
- DTap- continuous crying, acute encephalopathy 0-10 in a million, no deaths proven
polo vaccine
- IPV- inactivated polio vaccine, early 1950s
- 1952 58,000 cases of poli, 1994 0 cases
- almost eradicated worldwide
- OPV-oral polio vaccine-live attenuated in 1960s
- rare cases of it causing polio-discontinued. likely to have been immunocompromised parents
- contamination?-SV40 cancer causing virus? AIDS-thoroughly refuted
MMR
- live attenuated virus
- infants have maternal antibodies that would prevent virus from growing
- given at 12-15 months
-andrew wakefield sucks-mauscript very flawed and not many cases held up-they were also the ones suing. autism has increased even though vaccines decreased and thimersol decreased
measles
- otitis media 1/20
- pneumonia 1/20
- severe CNS 1 in 800
- death 1 in 3000
- SSPE 1 in 100,000
MMR vaccine
- fever, rash, malaise
- encephalitis or severe allergic reaction- less than 1 in a million
HPV
- cervarix and Gardasil
- both protect against 16 and 18
- 70% of cervical cancer is caused by 16 and 18
- gardasil also protects against 6 and 11-males and females
- recommended for all girls age 11 or 12
Rabies
- deadly viral disease
- often transmitted by bite
- 55,000 cases per year- asia and africa
- 97% from dog bites
- vaccination of domestic animals prevents most human exposure
if exposed to rabies and not vaccinated
-cleanse, RIG at wound, and vaccine at day 0, 3, 7, 14
if exposed to rabies and vaccinated
-cleanse, no RIG, vaccine on 0 and 3
HDCV
-human diploid cell rabies vaccine
PCECV
- purified chick embryo cell vaccine
- can make AI against nervous tissue with this
