Vaccine-preventable diseases-Uncommon disease primer for frontline Flashcards
Presentation of polio?
- Usually asymptomatic
- 1% of cases result in paralysis
- -Acute onset asymmetric flaccid paralysis
- -Often preceded by fever, stiff neck, sore throat
What can be the precipitating cause for polio?
The oral polio vaccine
WHO recommendations around polio vaccination?
Recommend all kids get at least 1 dose of IPV
What to d for any case of suspected Guillain Barre or acute flaccid paralysis?
-Send stool for poliovirus testing
How to test for polio?
Stool, throat swab
Clinical presentation of measles?
- 3 Cs: Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
- Followed after a few days by Descending maculopapular rash
- Often have Koplik spots in mouth
Complications of measles?
- AOM
- Encephalitiis
- Pneumonia
- Death
How to test for measles?
-Serology, NP swab, urine
Clinical features of congenital rubella?
-Congenital heart disease, cataracts, hearing loss, developmental delay
What to do for immigrant and refugee women of childbearing age as soon as they arrive to Canada with respect to congenital rubella?
-Give MMR, unless documented proof that they are immune
How to test for congenital rubella syndrome?
-Serology, throat swab, NPS, urine
Clinical presentation of diphtheria? Diagnosis?
- Sore throat, weakness, fever, neck swelling
- Within days, a thick pseudo-membrane builds up on the throat or nose, which can lead to respiratory impairment
- Diphtheria toxin can disseminate and damage kidneys, CNS, heart
- Can be fatal even with early treatment
-Diagnosis is clinical
Clinical presentation of tetanus? Diagnosis?
- Muscle rigidity and spasms (similar to rabies)
- Can be fatal even with intensive care
- Hx of classic exposure: cut from dirty puncture wound, but sometimes no history of injury
-Diagnosis is clinical
Herd immunity plays no role in protection against ________.
Tetanus
Clinical presentation of mumps?
- Nonspecific prodromal symptoms: headaches, myalgia, fever
- Unilateral or bilateral parotitis
