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Cellular Week 3 > Vaccine Debate > Flashcards

Vaccine Debate Flashcards

1
Q

Hib once an counted for 70% of bacterial meningitis cases in children <5yrs… Vaccination has reduced that by 97%

Conjugate vaccine for Hib introduced in 1988, vaccines for all infants in 1991

A

…

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2
Q

S. Pneumoniae vaccine…

A

23 valent polysaccharide vaccine (poorly immunogenic in children <2 yrs)

Conjugate vaccine introduced in 2000

  • conjugated to diphtheria protein
  • T cell dependent response
  • 59% decline in pneumococcal meningitis from 1998
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3
Q

Lack of pertussis vaccination leads to whopping cough… outbreak due to anti vaccine movement

A

…

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4
Q

Evolution of Immunization Program Chart…

A

Have high disease before vaccine

Drops with vaccination

Loss of confidence in vaccine leads to outbreak, and then there is a resumption of confidence..

Eradication occurs

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5
Q

Where did the anti-vaccine movement arise?

A

DPT: Vaccine Roulette documentary

Showed series of children with brain damage following DPT vaccine

Formation of “dissatisfied parents together” - now called the National Vaccine Information Center

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6
Q

Anti vaccine movement start date?

A

April 19, 1982

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7
Q

Media coverage in the 1982 claimed the whole-cell pertussis vaccine caused brain damage. Flood of lawsuits say it caused… SIDS, coma, mental retardation, epilepsy, transverse myelitis, reye’s sydrome

A

….

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8
Q

Over the next 10 years after 1982, science demonstrated that there is no increased risk of epilepsy or retardation due to vaccines… it was actually because of….

A

Sodium channel transport defect

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9
Q

Impact of lawsuits for vaccines?

A

DTP vaccine rose to $12 from 0.19$

Vaccine markers decreased for OPV, measles, pertussis

Creation of National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP)

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10
Q

National Vaccine Information Center..

A

Founded by Barbara Loe Fisher

Oldest son got learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder

Believes that vaccines have replaced infectious diseases with chronic diseases
Hib - diabetes
Pneumococcus = seizures
HBV = MS and SIDS
HPV = blood clots, strokes, chronic fatigue syndrome

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11
Q

Jenny McCarthy…. anti-vaxxer

A

…

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12
Q

1918 influenza pandemic is believed to have killed 50-100 million people worldwide

A

…

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13
Q

Shifts in influenza?

A

Important antigenic changes resulting from periodic gene segment reassortment between human and animal viruses

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14
Q

Influenza drifts

A

Less dramatic antigenic changes that allow virus to escape human immunity raised by previously circulating viruses (change the hemagluttin)

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15
Q

Avian +pig influenza

A

Send end jumps to humans

Human viruses jump to pigs (this may result in doubly mixed pig- human and triply mixed pig-human-avian viruses (really bad)

^likely the mechanism of both the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemic

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16
Q

Novel H1N1 vaccine, 2009

A

CNN and Dr. Oz - which is worse: vaccine or the virus?

Contains harmful preservative:thimerosal
Contains harmful adjuvant: squalene
Not adequately tested

H1N1 caused 11,000 deaths (1000 children)

17
Q

Real Vaccine tragedies? (3)

A

1) yellow fever vaccine in military - Hep B in serum
2) Salk’s polio vaccine - 12,000 children due to poor inactivation of virus
3) BCG vaccine - did not use attenuated strain - 70 children died from TB

18
Q

Jacobson vs. Massachusetts (1905)

A

Outbreak of smallpox in Boston

Said get it or pay $5 fine

Jacobson refused both

Justice John Marshall Harlan said that you have to pay and that state/police could mandate immunization

For the common good

19
Q

Zucht vs. King (1922)

A

Zucht was expelled from high school for refusing smallpox vaccine

No smallpox epidemic - but unanimous decision saying that you have to get it or leave

20
Q

Prince vs. Massachusetts (1944)

A

Jehovah’s witness claims right to have young children distribute pamphlets

Ruled against them… cant do whatever you want with your children!

21
Q

There is no constitutional right to refuse vaccines, but the state may allow exemptions

A

..

22
Q

New York State Assembly in 1966

A

Considered a bill requiring polio vaccine for school - passed 150-2

Two dissenting votes because it provided a caveat for parents whose religion forbade vaccination (Christian Scientists)

23
Q

Christian Scientists

Founder: Mary Baker Eddy

A

Illness is spiritual, not physical

1875 - science and health publication

24
Q

christian science in 1875 was before germ theory was established or before visualization of viruse sin 1930s

A

..

25
Q

Joseph Margiotta, Nassau County

A

Did not like “opt out” caveat

26
Q

Daycroft school, greenwich, CT

A

Christian Science school

Massive outbreak of polio in 1972

27
Q

How many states have religious exemptions?

A

47

28
Q

Maier vs. Besser, 1972

A

Cant discriminate me because I’m not a Christian Scientist

29
Q

Sherr vs. Northport Union School, 1987

A

Religion and philosophy are intrinsically blurred

20 states now have philosophical exemptions

30
Q

Disneyland 2015

A

Measles outbreak - multi-state

California and Vermont now no longer allow philosophical exemptions - now only 18 states that have that exemption

31
Q

Consequences of vaccine fear….

A

Increase risk for measles, pertussis

More measles, Hib deaths, and pertussis/whooping cough cases

32
Q

Pediatricians…. people are getting sued when children get sick if not vaccinated…some doctors refuse to see pts who do not vaccinate because of fear of getting sued or bc they might infect other children in their office

A

….

33
Q

Dr. Sears

A

Constructed own schedule - delays vaccines and spaces them further apart

Gives the “bare minimum” in vaccines

34
Q

Hospitals mandate influenza vaccine

A

…

35
Q

Parents concerned about sending children to school or daycare centers are taking a stand …

A

….

36
Q

Voices for Vaccines are a Pro-vaccine movement

A

…

37
Q

AAP (american academy of pediatrics) provides practice responses to some of the most common concerns about vaccines… such as….

A

It is safe to give at early age - timeline is provided to provide protection early

Vaccines do not cause autism

Hep B, flu, and varicella are all significant illnesses that can be prevented with immunizations

Thimerosal has not shown to cause any harm, and it has been removed from almost all childhood vaccines

Cellular Week 3 (21 decks)

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