Vaccinations

Question 1

Natural passive immunity:

Answer 1

placental + breast milk (secretory IgA) transfer of antibodies

Question 2

Artificial passive immunity:

Answer 2

injection of antibodies

Question 3

Natural active immunity:

Answer 3

resistance to infection: varicella, rubella, scarlet fever, mumps, measles

Question 4

Artificial active immunity:

Answer 4

prophylactic vaccinations

• Live attenuated: BCG, oral polio, measles, rubella, mumps, varicella
• Killed: pertussis, cholera, typhus, parenteral polio, rabies, hep A
• Recombinant: Hep B
• Toxoid-Antitoxin: Diphtheria and tetanus
• Fragments of antigen: acellular pertussis, haemophilus influenza B, meningococcus A + C, influenza

Question 5

What type of immunity does vaccines provide?

Answer 5

Vaccines provide both humoral immunity due to specific antibodies + cellular immunity with immunological memory

Question 6

Post-vaccination reaction:

Answer 6

transient, usually local, response to the vaccine administration

Question 7

Post-vaccinal complication:

Answer 7

complex of inordinate symptoms due to vaccine administration

Question 8

Hepatitis B - Vaccine

Answer 8

• IM recombinant vaccine
• Schedule:
  ○ 1st day
  ○ 6th week
  ○ 6th month
  ○ Booster: every 5-8 years

Question 9

Hepatitis B - Contraindications:

Answer 9

• anaphylaxis
• severe infection
• immunoglobulins in previous 3 months

Question 10

Tuberculosis - BCG:

Answer 10

Attenuated , lyophilize bovine TB intracutaneous vaccine (left arm)

Question 11

Tuberculosis - BCG - Schedule:

Answer 11

Basic: 1st day

Booster:

• 12th month - if scar after basic vaccination <3mm
• 7th year - without mantoux test
• 12th year - after the mantoux test

Question 12

Tuberculosis - BCG - Post Vaccination Reaction:

Answer 12

• whitish wheal
• papule after 2-3 weeks
• purulent blister at the top of the papule
• ulceration
• crust and scar

Question 13

Mantoux test:

Answer 13

intradermal injection of tuberculin and then diameter of
infiltration is measured:
○ < 5 mm = negative
○ > 6 mm = positive
○ > 15 mm = tuberculous infection

Question 14

Tuberculosis - BCG - Contraindications:

Answer 14

• anaphylaxis
• severe infection
• immunoglobulins in previous 3 months
• primary immunodeficiency
• post splenectomy
• AIDs

Question 15

Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus

Answer 15

Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin + killed bordetella deep subcutaneous

Question 16

Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus - Schedule:

Answer 16

• 6th week
• 6 weeks later
• 6 weeks later
• 16-18th month

Question 17

Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus - Booster:

Answer 17

• 6th year - DTP
• 14th year - Td
• 19th year - Td

Question 18

DTP - Post-vaccination reaction:

Answer 18

• local reddening
• edema with general weakness
• headache and fever

Question 19

DTP - Post-exposure to tetanus:

Answer 19

• Vaccinated patient: 10 IU tetanus antitoxin

- Non-vaccinated patients: 10 IU tetanus antitoxin + antibodies (20 mins after antitoxin)