Vaccinations Flashcards
Active immunity is when…
immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by the antigens
includes 2 different types of active immunity:
Natural:
Artificial:
what is Natural Active
becoming immune after catching the disease
what is Artificial active
becoming immune after having a vaccination, which contains a harmless does of antigen
Passive immunity is when…
immunity you get when you are given antibodies from a different organism
what is Natural Passive
When a baby becomes immune due to antibodies it receives from its Mother, in breast milk and placenta
what is Artificial passive
becoming immune after being injected with someone else’s antibodies
Eg antibodies from blood donations
does passive immunity require exposure to antigen
NO
but active immunity does
what type of immunity gives longer term protection
And what type of immunity gives immediate protection
1) Active gives long term
2) Passive is immediate
are memory cells produced in active or passive immunity
ACTIVE
not passive
What is autoimmune disease
2 examples of autoimmune diseases
A disease that causes immune system not being able to recognise self antigens
so the immune system treats self antigens as FOREIGN antigens, and launches an immune response against the organisms own cells
1) Lupus
2) Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune diseases are CHRONIC (long term), can not be cured, but can be treated
How do vaccinations prevent huge outbreaks of disease
1) Vaccines contain antigens
2) That cause your body to produce memory cells- against a pathogen- meaning you become immune without experiencing symptoms.
What is herd immunity
Herd immunity is when lots of people in a population are vaccinated so disease becomes rare
what is the purpose of booster vaccines
given later on ( eg after year) to make sure memory cells are produced
What is Immunisation
The process by which immunity is developed
Vaccination causes immunity
Vaccination and immunisation are DIFFERENT
What does immunologically distinct mean
Memory cells can’t differentiate between different strains with different antignes
