Vaccination Of Cows Flashcards
What vaccines does the most common core vaccine protocol involve for cows
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) MLV or killed
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) MLV or killed
Clostridia -killed
IBR and BVD both cause abortion and reproductive problems
Killed versions are safer but not as protective (no abortion risk so they are used in pregnant cows)
What is the common core vaccines protocol
Usually first vaccinate calves in the fall, following weaning, when >6 months of age (no maternal antibody interference, calves are separated from pregnant cattle)
Clostridia vaccine is killed and requires booster 4-6 weeks later
IBR/BVD: MLV so one dose is sufficient
Next does prior to breeding (at about 12 months)
All cattle, in spring when OPEN every year
Precautions for core vaccinations
Risk of abortion if MLV IBR or BVD given to pro gabby animals or calves nursing pregnant cows (may not apply if previously given at least 2 doses of vaccine)
What are the optional vaccines for cattle
Most are bacterial and require 2 doses for initial series
Leptospirosis
Vibriosis
Trichomonas
Anthrax
Calf scours
What is leptospirosis
Problem in wet areas or standing water
vaccine protection is short lived, may vaccinate twice a year in spring and fall
Major sign: abortion
What is vibriosis
Venereal infection
Signs: poor conception rates x long calving intervals, abortions
More likely to give to cows going to community pasture
Do not use combo lepto-vibrio vaccines (reduced immunity)
What is trichomonas
No licences Canadian vaccine
Poor efficacy
Rely on testing and using younger bulls instead
What is anthrax
Problem when heavy rainfall follows a drought
Sign: sudden death
Vaccine is Modified live bacterial strain (like bordetella) so avoid giving with antibiotics
Requires 2 initial doses
Accidental vaccination of people is not an important health risk
What is calf scours
Recommended 4-way vaccines (C.Perfringens, E.Coli, rota and coronavirus) (rota and coronavirus may not give much protection)
Given to cows:
Two doses for initial series, start 2-3 months prior to calving, last dose at least 4 weeks from calving
Combine with management recommendations for maximal benefit (sterility, adequate space, good drainage, separation and isolation)
What are the main problem diseases that cause pneumonia in young calve herds
IBR (bovine herpes virus 1, BHC-1)
Parainfluenza 3 (PI3 MLV)
Often use Nasalgen vaccine (IN)
Other vaccines given to young calves are typically in the ___ and depend on
Fall and depend on whether the calf is entering the breeding herd or not
Describe vaccination of feedlot/backgrounded calves
Ideally vaccinated on home farm but mostly done on entry to feedlots
Typical vaccines: BVD, IBR, PI3, and clostridia (MLV require 1 dose, killer require 2 doses)
Describe vaccination of dairy cattle
Same vaccines as beef cows
Not a fixed timing, based on reproductive cycle (MLV IBR only given when cow is open)
Optional mastitis vaccines are available against E.Coli mastitis strain
