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Blood & Lymph > Vaccination > Flashcards

Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

_____ sometimes require boosters, ______ always require booster

A
  • Toxoid
  • Subunit
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2
Q

______ immunity completely prevent the establishment of infection

A

Sterilizing

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3
Q

______ immunity involves vaccination of individuals in contact with an at-risk patient.

A

Ring

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4
Q

_______ is an adjuvant derived from saponin used in the shingrix vaccine

A

QS21

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5
Q

______ require conjugation to toxoid to become a mutagenic

A

Polysaccharides (they are haptens)

(ex: Hib & pneumococcal vax)

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6
Q

______ is an adjuvant used in HPV vaccine

A

Monophosphoryl lipid A

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7
Q

_______ is an adjuvant used for Fluad flu vaccine

A

MF59

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8
Q

_______ vaccines use virus transfected with pathogen gene to form recombinant vaccine

A

Live vector subunit

(Ex: COVID-19 vax)

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9
Q

______ vaccine can revert while _______ has variable memory and is more expensive

A
  • Live attenuated
  • inactivated
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10
Q

______ can be used to allow for b-cell recognition of antigens

A

Haptens

(due to hapten-carrier effect: haptens are too small to be recognized by T cells)

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11
Q

_____ vaccines function as an infection mimic where the antigen is presented on mhc-1 to immune cells

A

DNA

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12
Q

______ memory is long lived while _____ memory is short lived.

A
  • Central
  • terminal effector

(both can terminally differentiate into single functional effector cells)

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13
Q

_____ is the MC used adjuvant for pediatric vaccines.

A

Alum

(inflammasome activation)

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14
Q

Toxoid vaccines induce ______ term memory and do not trigger _____

A
  • short
  • memory
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15
Q

T cell memory requires ______

A

dendritic cell/APC presentation

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16
Q

SARS-CoV2 binds to the ______ (primary) and the _____ (secondary) to enter the cells.

A
  • ACE2
  • TMPRSS2
17
Q

Neisseria vaccine generation Abs that bind to ______ to allow complement activity.

A

fHbp (Factor H on neisseria that blocks complement cascade)

18
Q

Memory T cells do not require _____ for activation and can be activated at site of infection

A

costimulation

19
Q

Memory B cells take less time to activate and express more _____.

A

MHC II

(more memory B cells respond to pathogen than naive B cells after primary exposure)

19
Q

Memory B cells take less time to activate and express more _____.

A

MHC II

(more memory B cells respond to pathogen than naive B cells after primary exposure)

20
Q

Dengue and HIV infect the macrophages and vaccination can _____ infection

A

enhance

21
Q

B cell memory requires ______

A

germinal center

22
Q

COVID booster shots increase ______. The first series increases ______.

A
  • neutralizing antibody
  • Ab + T cell response

(no efficacy data on boosters yet)

23
Q

Antitoxins (passive immunization) are used to treat _____ .

A

snake & spider bites

24
Q

Immune-globulin (passive immunization) are used to treat _______ (4).

A
  1. Botulism
  2. CMV
  3. Hep A/B
  4. Measles
25
Q

Hepatitis B vaccine is a _____ vaccine

A

subunit

26
Q

Recombinant vector vaccines use a ______ to introduce microbial DNA to cells.

A

viral vector

27
Q

Viral-like particles, live attenuated, viral vector subunit & DNA/RNA vaccines elicit _______ (3) immune response.

A
  1. Ab
  2. CD4-TH1
  3. CTL

(Viral vector-subunit & DNA/RNA may or may not get Ab response)

28
Q

Polysaccharide, Killed & subunit protein vaccines elicit a ______ (2) immune response

A
  1. Ab
  2. CD4 -TH2
29
Q

Which factors increase immunogenicity of a vaccine (4)?

A
  1. Large, complex
  2. Very different from self
  3. Sub -Q, slow release
  4. High MHC binding
30
Q

Mucosal route of admin = ____ immunity; IM = ______.

A
  • mucosal immunity
  • systemic response
31
Q

_______ (preservative) is used in the pneumovax 23, typhim Vi (typhoid fever vax) & smallpox vax (ACAM2000)

A

phenol

32
Q

2-phenoxyethanol (preservative) is used in ______ vaccine.

A

polio

33
Q

Benzethonium chloride is a preservative used in _____ vaccine.

A

biothrax (Bacillus anthracis)

(preservatives may cause hypersensitivity rxn)

34
Q

Why do viral vaccines NOT require an adjuvant?

A

they generate their own “danger signal” (tickle the PRRs)

Blood & Lymph (29 decks)

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