Vaccination Flashcards
_____ sometimes require boosters, ______ always require booster
- Toxoid
- Subunit
______ immunity completely prevent the establishment of infection
Sterilizing
______ immunity involves vaccination of individuals in contact with an at-risk patient.
Ring
_______ is an adjuvant derived from saponin used in the shingrix vaccine
QS21
______ require conjugation to toxoid to become a mutagenic
Polysaccharides (they are haptens)
(ex: Hib & pneumococcal vax)
______ is an adjuvant used in HPV vaccine
Monophosphoryl lipid A
_______ is an adjuvant used for Fluad flu vaccine
MF59
_______ vaccines use virus transfected with pathogen gene to form recombinant vaccine
Live vector subunit
(Ex: COVID-19 vax)
______ vaccine can revert while _______ has variable memory and is more expensive
- Live attenuated
- inactivated
______ can be used to allow for b-cell recognition of antigens
Haptens
(due to hapten-carrier effect: haptens are too small to be recognized by T cells)
_____ vaccines function as an infection mimic where the antigen is presented on mhc-1 to immune cells
DNA
______ memory is long lived while _____ memory is short lived.
- Central
- terminal effector
(both can terminally differentiate into single functional effector cells)
_____ is the MC used adjuvant for pediatric vaccines.
Alum
(inflammasome activation)
Toxoid vaccines induce ______ term memory and do not trigger _____
- short
- memory
T cell memory requires ______
dendritic cell/APC presentation
SARS-CoV2 binds to the ______ (primary) and the _____ (secondary) to enter the cells.
- ACE2
- TMPRSS2
Neisseria vaccine generation Abs that bind to ______ to allow complement activity.
fHbp (Factor H on neisseria that blocks complement cascade)
Memory T cells do not require _____ for activation and can be activated at site of infection
costimulation
Memory B cells take less time to activate and express more _____.
MHC II
(more memory B cells respond to pathogen than naive B cells after primary exposure)
Memory B cells take less time to activate and express more _____.
MHC II
(more memory B cells respond to pathogen than naive B cells after primary exposure)
Dengue and HIV infect the macrophages and vaccination can _____ infection
enhance
B cell memory requires ______
germinal center
COVID booster shots increase ______. The first series increases ______.
- neutralizing antibody
- Ab + T cell response
(no efficacy data on boosters yet)
Antitoxins (passive immunization) are used to treat _____ .
snake & spider bites
Immune-globulin (passive immunization) are used to treat _______ (4).
- Botulism
- CMV
- Hep A/B
- Measles
Hepatitis B vaccine is a _____ vaccine
subunit
Recombinant vector vaccines use a ______ to introduce microbial DNA to cells.
viral vector
Viral-like particles, live attenuated, viral vector subunit & DNA/RNA vaccines elicit _______ (3) immune response.
- Ab
- CD4-TH1
- CTL
(Viral vector-subunit & DNA/RNA may or may not get Ab response)
Polysaccharide, Killed & subunit protein vaccines elicit a ______ (2) immune response
- Ab
- CD4 -TH2
Which factors increase immunogenicity of a vaccine (4)?
- Large, complex
- Very different from self
- Sub -Q, slow release
- High MHC binding
Mucosal route of admin = ____ immunity; IM = ______.
- mucosal immunity
- systemic response
_______ (preservative) is used in the pneumovax 23, typhim Vi (typhoid fever vax) & smallpox vax (ACAM2000)
phenol
2-phenoxyethanol (preservative) is used in ______ vaccine.
polio
Benzethonium chloride is a preservative used in _____ vaccine.
biothrax (Bacillus anthracis)
(preservatives may cause hypersensitivity rxn)
Why do viral vaccines NOT require an adjuvant?
they generate their own “danger signal” (tickle the PRRs)
