V3C3 Neurology Flashcards
The nervous system consists of two main divisions …
- The central nervous system
2. The peripheral nervous system
Consist of the brain and spinal cord
The central nervous system
Divided into two major sub-divisions, the somatic nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system
The peripheral nervous system
Governs voluntary functions (those we control consciously
The somatic nervous system
These two sub-divisions of the autonomic nervous system work together to carry out involuntary physiologic processes such as regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion.
the sympathetic and parasympathethic nervous system
The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the
neuron
Transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body
axons
How many bones constitute the spine?
33; 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal
Protective membranes that cover the entire central nervous system
Meninges
The durable, outermost layer of the meninges
dura mater
The middle, weblike structure is known as the
archnoid membrane
The innermost layer, directly overlying the central nervous system
pia mater
a watery clear fluid that acts as a cushion to protect these organs from physical impact
cerebospinal fluid
governs all sensory and motor actions
cerebrum
responsible for involuntary actions such as temperature regulation, sleep, water balance, stress response, and emotions
Diencephalon
Major region controlling eye movement
Mesencephalon
The system responsible for consciousness
Reticular activating system
These fibers transmit impulses to the central nervous system from the body
Afferent (sensory)
These fibers carry impulses from the central nervous system to the body
Efferent (motor)
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
Sympathetic dominates during
Stress
Parasympathetic dominates during
rest
Any malfunction or damage of the peripheral nerves
Peripheral neuropathy
Normal range for ETCO2
35-40 mmHg
Arms flexed, legs extended
Decorticate
Arms and legs extended
Decerebrate
Describe Cushings triad
Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse, irregular respiration’s
Describe AEIOU-TIPS
Alcohol, acidosis Epilepsy Infection Overdose Uremia Trauma, tumor, toxin Insulin Psychosis, poison Stroke, seizure
A general term that describes injury or death of brain tissue usually due to interruption of cerebral blood flow
Stroke
Occurs when a cerebral artery is blocked by a clot or other foreign matter which results in ischemia
Occlusive stroke
A temporary alteration in behavior due to the massive electrical discharge of one or more groups of neurons in the brain
Seizure
Seizure that begins as an electrical discharge in a small area of the brain but spread to involve the entire cerebral cortex, causing widespread malfunction
Generalized seizure
Seizures that remain confined to a limited portion of the brain, causing localized malfunction
Partial seizure
Type of generalized seizure characterized by rapid loss of consciousness and motor coordination, muscle spasms, and jerking motions
Tonic clonic seizure
A brief, generalized seizure that usually presents with a 10-30 second loss of consciousness or awareness, eye or muscle fluttering
Absence seizure
Characterized by chaotic movement or dysfunction of one area of the body
Partial seizure
A series of two or more generalized motor seizures without an intervening return of consciousness
Status epilepticus
