Test 1 Flashcards
All of the following are symptoms of otitis media EXCEPT:
sinus infection
A chronic disease of the inner ear marked by a recurring syndrome of vertigo, dizziness, and progressive hearing loss is called:
Ménière’s disease.
An inflammation of the membrane covering and protecting the exposed surface of the eye results in:
conjunctivitis
A patient complaining of eye pain informs you that he was diagnosed with a corneal abrasion three days ago. He called 911 today because the discomfort has not yet gone away and he desires medical attention. Based on this information, which of the following is TRUE?
The transparent structure that covers the pupil has been damaged.
The ________ of the eye controls the size of the pupil.
iris
Light passes to the eye through what opening?
cornea
Which of the following is NOT associated with the retina?
lens
A defect of the ________ results in difficulty in visual detection of color and bright light.
cones
The sensor receptive cells in the retina that function best in dim light and do not perceive color is/are the:
rods
If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to what?
blindness
A frantic mother dialed 911 for her three-year-old daughter, who stuck a small dried bean into her ear. Assessment shows the bean to be lodged firmly in the ear canal. When treating this patient, the paramedic would (Select all that apply):
- make one attempt to remove the bean with tweezers.
* gently flush the ear canal with sterile water until the bean is dislodge
The external ear ends at the:
tympanic membrane
What are the three tiny bones located in the middle ear?
ossicles
The ________ contain sensors that detect rotation of the head.
semicircular canals
The “bony labyrinth” protects the:
inner ear
The “bony labyrinth” protects the:
inner ear
The “bony labyrinth” protects the:
cochlea
Which of the following structures in the inner ear is the organ of hearing?
cochlea
Swimmer’s ear is also known as:
otitis externa
A feeling of dizziness or an illusion of rotary motion is called:
vertigo
A three-year-old-has stuck a crayon in his nose. Assessment reveals the crayon to be deeply embedded in the right nostril with some irritation and swelling noted. His vital signs are pulse 124, respiration 20, and SpO2 100%. Which of the following would be most appropriate when caring for this child?
Attempt removal of the crayon with forceps
A three-year-old-has stuck a crayon in his nose. Assessment reveals the crayon to be deeply embedded in the right nostril with some irritation and swelling noted. His vital signs are pulse 124, respiration 20, and SpO2 100%. Which of the following would be most appropriate when caring for this child?
Attempt removal of the crayon with forceps
Oral candidiasis, commonly called thrush, is a ________ infection of the mouth.
fungal
The structures that protect the eyes are known as:
ocular orbits
Vitreous humor is:
a clear, jellylike fluid that fills the vitreous cavity.
You are called to a patient complaining of drainage and erythema from the right eye. You suspect:
conjunctivitis
You are caring for a patient with known sickle cell disease. You would also examine this patient for the presence of:
atraumatic hyphema
In a patient experiencing otitis media, you should expect to find:
tympanic membrane redness and distention.
Ménière’s disease affects:
balance and hearing
Posterior epistaxis can arise from conditions such as:
hypertension
You respond to a patient with a report of a mouth infection. Upon arrival, you find a thin man with a prominent fungal infection in his mouth. He denies any history of diabetes mellitus. You should strongly suspect:
thrush commonly seen in AIDS patients.
Your patient states that he often experiences a painful cramping and “freezing up” of his hands and feet while handwriting or walking, respectively. This best describes:
dystonia
Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke?
atrial fibrillation
Your patient is a 55-year-old male with a history of seizures who is on the floor and experiencing tonic-clonic motor activity. His jaw is clenched, he has peripheral cyanosis, and there are frothy secretions in his airway. HR = 130, RR = 4 and shallow, SaO2 = 88%. Which of the following is most appropriate?
Suctioning the airway, inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, assisting respirations by bag-valve-mask device with 100 percent oxygen
Your patient is a 45-year-old female type I diabetic with a history of a nonhealing foot ulcer. On examination, you find that her pedal pulse is present, but she lacks sensation in her foot. This is most likely due to:
peripheral neuropathy
Which of the following is caused by unilateral paralysis of cranial nerve VII?
Bell’s palsy
Your patient is a 48-year-old female who is alert and oriented after a possible seizure. Her friends state they witnessed her slump to the floor and “shake” for about 15 seconds. She awoke in less than 1 minute and was “a bit groggy” for a few minutes. She does not believe she had a seizure but thinks she may have fainted. Which of the following questions is least important when differentiating seizure and syncope?
“Are you allergic to any medications?”
You have been called for a 46-year-old female complaining of a headache. Which of the following statements made by the patient should you find most concerning?
“I have never had a headache this bad.”
Your patient is a 76-year-old female who was initially lethargic but responded to verbal stimuli. According to family members, the patient experienced a sudden decrease in responsiveness. She had a left-sided facial droop, aphasia, a dilated and nonreactive right pupil, and a flaccid left arm. Lung sounds are decreased bilaterally. HR = 58, BP = 172/102, RR = 6 and shallow, SaO2 = 88%. As you start to treat her, the patient has a generalized seizure lasting about 30 seconds. She is now unresponsive. Which of the following is most appropriate?
Intubation, IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, cardiac monitor, blood glucose determination, transport without delay
Your patient is a 62-year-old female who is alert and oriented and sitting at her kitchen table. Her husband describes an episode of slurred speech and facial drooping that lasted about 10 minutes and resolved just before your arrival. Physical examination is unremarkable. She has no significant medical history and takes no medications. HR = 78, BP = 134/78, RR = 12, SaO2 = 99%. Which of the following is most likely?
Absence seizure
A series of two or more generalized motor seizures without an intervening period of consciousness is known as:
status epilepticus.
Which of the following infectious childhood diseases would most likely result in paralysis?
Poliomyelitis
The most common cause of dementia is:
Alzheimer’s disease
A seizure that begins as an electrical discharge in a small area of the brain but spreads to include the entire cerebral cortex is a ________ seizure.
Generalized
You should most highly suspect that a patient with tremors, periodic muscular rigidity, slowed movement, and impaired balance and coordination suffers from:
Parkinson’s disease
Which of the following should be suspected as a potential cause of syncope?
Hypovolemia, cardiac arrhythmia, unknown cause.
A patient tells you that she experienced an episode of involuntary “shaking” in her arm. She describes a 1- to 2-minute-long episode of muscular jerking and contracting of her entire left arm. She retained consciousness, lacked an aura, and had no pain associated with the episode. This most indicates a(n) ________ seizure.
Simple partial
Your patient is a 24-year-old male who is alert and oriented, complaining of severe “dizziness” and an earache for two days. He states that any movement of his head causes him to become very dizzy and nauseated. The patient’s skin is warm and dry, his pupils are equal and reactive, and there is no gross neurological deficit. HR = 82, BP = 120/82, RR = 12, SaO2 = 99%. Which of the following is most likely?
Labyrinthitis
You suspect your patient is experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke. He is confused, has a respiratory rate of 20, and a blood pressure of 178/88. Which of the following additional findings would most increase your suspicion of increased intracranial pressure?
Heart rate of 50
Which three cranial nerves are involved in the cardinal positions of gaze?
III, IV, and VI
You are transporting a male patient to the hospital for an evaluation after a possible seizure when you notice the patient’s loss of consciousness. His muscles start to contract so that he is arching his back. This best describes the ________ phase of a generalized seizure.
Hypertonic
A patient with speech impairment following a stroke would have involvement in the ________ lobe of the brain.
Temporal
Your patient has a history of epilepsy and is experiencing loss of consciousness, tonic-clonic muscle activity, and erratic ocular movement. Based on this, you might also expect to find all of the following EXCEPT:
Pinpoint pupils
Your female patient is experiencing sharp, stabbing, right-sided face pain of her upper and lower lips, cheek, and around her orbit. This best describes:
Trigeminal neuralgia
Which of the following is a collection of genetic diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness and skeletal muscle degeneration?
Muscular dystrophy
The dorsal roots of the spinal cord contain afferent fibers that transmit impulses from ________ to ________.
sensory nerves, central nervous system
The most common cause of lower back pain is:
Idiopathic
During a domestic disturbance your patient experienced a sudden onset of violent, bizarre movements of the extremities followed by unresponsiveness to verbal stimuli. On your arrival the bizarre movements begin again but stop suddenly when you firmly say, “Stop!” This most indicates ________ seizure.
Pseudo
A 35-year-old male complains of a “pressure”-type headache to the back of his head and neck. He states that he woke up with the discomfort this morning, and the pain has steadily gotten worse through the day. He denies any radiation of the pain and denies photophobia but states that he is slightly nauseated. Based on this clinical presentation, the paramedic should be suspicious of what type of headache?
Tension
All of the following may cause a transient ischemic attack EXCEPT:
Intracranial hemorrhaging
Which of the following complaints is most typical for a patient suffering an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?
“My legs feel heavy, and I am having trouble walking.”
Which of the following diseases involves inflammation followed by demyelination of the brain and spinal cord nerve fibers?
Multiple sclerosis
The postsynaptic neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nerves is:
Norepinephrine
A type of generalized seizure characterized by a rapid loss of consciousness and motor coordination, muscle spasms, and jerking motions is known as a(n):
Tonic clonic seizure
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a migraine?
Low back pain
Which of the following should NOT be part of the general management of a patient with altered mental status?
Hyperventilation with 100 percent oxygen
Which of the following is characterized by involuntary muscle twitching?
Myoclonus
An eight-year-old male child is alert and oriented after a brief episode of eyelid fluttering and slight loss of muscle tone, which caused him to slump in his chair. His teacher reports that the child was inattentive for 15 to 20 seconds during the episode but was fine after. This most indicates a(n) ________ seizure.
Absence
A seizure that remains confined to a limited portion of the brain, causing localized dysfunction, is a(n) ________ seizure.
Partial
Your patient is a 57-year-old male who is alert and oriented and complaining of a slight headache. His coworker states the patient “fainted.” The patient describes feeling weak and lightheaded before the incident and “came to” lying on the floor. Medical history includes cardiovascular disease with a history of angina and hypertension. Medications include clopidogrel (Plavix), nitroglycerin, and metoprolol. Which of the following is least helpful when formulating a field impression for this patient?
Pulse oximetry
Which of the following diseases is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the nerve cells that control voluntary movement, weakness, loss of motor control, difficulty speaking, and cramping?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Which of the following is least likely to be detrimental when treating a stroke patient?
IV of lactated Ringer’s solution
Which of the following is least pertinent in the prehospital setting when obtaining the history of a patient with a suspected transient ischemic attack or stroke?
Allergies
Your patient is a 19-year-old female who is exhibiting generalized seizure activity. Her roommate states that she had a seizure that lasted about 3 minutes. She remained unresponsive, then started having another seizure about 5 minutes after the first. The patient has peripheral cyanosis and copious oral secretions. Which of the following is of HIGHEST priority for this patient?
Suctioning the airway, assisting ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device
