V1 Vr V2 Flashcards
V1 (decision speed) Vef ≥
Vmcg
Minimum V1 (decision speed) = Vef PLUS acceleration during rec…
recognition time!
V1 (decision speed) ≤
Vr
V1 (decision speed) ≤
V1(mbe)
Vr (rotation speed) ≥
V1
Vr (rotation speed) ≥
1.05 Vmca
Vlof
1.05 Vmu (1-inop)
Vlof
1.1 vmu (all engines)
Correct rotation speed is required to achieve V2 by….. _ _ ‘
35’
TODR remains the same with early rotation if…
1-inop Vr - 5 kts
All engines Vr -10 kts
V2 (initial climb out speed) ≥
- 2 Vs
1. 1 Vmca
V2 (initial climb out speed) is achieved by 35’ using the correct V?
Vr
TAIL STRIKE are possible if take off attitudes higher than normal are reached before
lift off!
TAIL STRIKE are usually caused by early rotation and/ a
RRR - rapid rotation rate > 3 degrees per second
Flap retraction speeds ensures that
1.2 Vs protection is maintained during flap retraction.
Gradient of Climb is the ratio of;
change of height/ …….
Change of Height/
Horizontal distance travelled
……. in the same time! (ROC/TAS =gradient%)
Gross gradient refers to
Certification Flight test gradients
Net gradients refer to
Gross gradients reduced by specific margin to allow for specified deterioration in performance and piloting technique.
An RTO 2 seconds after V1 will result in an over run of the ASD at …_ _ - _ _… kt’s!
50 - 70kt’s!
Take off is assumed to start from a …
complete stand still (static take off)
Vmca must be at least _ _% above …
20% above the stall speed! (1.2Vs)
Max Vlof speed is also the maximum t..
tyre speed! (high centrifugal forces)
Vmbe depends on (TAP)
TOW
Ambient T’s, P’s, Wind ; &
Physical runway characteristics (slope)
In case where clearway only is available the V1 selected must be lower than Balance field V1 so that
the 1-inop TOD is > ASD!
In case where stopway only is available the V1 selected must be higher than Balance field V1 (upto Vr) to
make use of the stopway!
TOD in the all engines case is not…
not affected by V1!
(Wet runway)
If I-inop TODR is
Lower V1! –> consequently decreasing ASDA
The difference between ASDR and TODR = wet runway margin.
(runway length is the upper limit for this V1 reduction!)
On a wet runway, lowering the V1 creates a safety margin by
decreasing ASDR!
Screen height from wet rwy reduces from 35’ to 15’and use of reverse thrust is…
permitted!
The highest climb gradients are required in the second t/o climb segment.
Gradient of climb increases with increasing…
climb speed (above V2!)
Improved climb procedures allow increased TOW by increasing
V2 (‘V2 overspeed)
V1 has no influence on second……
segment limitations!
Vimd is minimum drag speed and also speed for -
LOW SFC
Max L/D ratio
Max Endurance (min FF); &
Max AOC (max excess TH)
Max still air range occurs at 1.32 Vimd which is also best
TAS/DRAG ratio and Max CL/CD
