V Speeds

Question 1

Vs1

Answer 1

T/o config

Question 2

Vs0

Answer 2

L/d config

Question 3

Vs

Answer 3

Stall speed

94% of Vs1g

Stall warning - 5kts or 5% of vs, whatever’s the greater

Stick pusher - 2kts or 2% of Vs

Question 4

Vs1g

Answer 4

Stall speed at 1g / straight + Level

Question 5

VsR

Answer 5

Reference stall speed

Defined by the manufacturer, may not be less than the Vs1g stall speed
Min t/o speeds governed by EASA to provide a saftey margin
Small a/c - 30% faster than Vs0 and 20% faster than Vs1

Question 6

FES

Answer 6

Flap extension speed

10% faster = 20% larger landing distance

Question 7

Vx

Answer 7

Speed for best angle of climb

Vmd for a jet - movement of the drag curve could alter this

Vmp for a prop - 76% of Vmd

Question 8

Power required in a climb

Answer 8

Drag x TAS

Question 9

Power available in a climb

Answer 9

Thrust x TAS

Question 10

Climb gradient %

Answer 10

T-D/W x 100

Question 11

Rule of thumb for %gradient

Answer 11

5% = 3 degrees

Question 12

Vmo

Answer 12

Speed for max operating

Max speed that must not be intentionally exceeded during any phase of flight

Question 13

MMO

Answer 13

Max Mach operating

Question 14

Vne

Answer 14

Never exceed speed, applicable to small a/c

Question 15

Vno

Answer 15

Max structural cruise speed

Question 16

VLE

Answer 16

Max l/d gear extended speed

Max speed that the a/c can go with the gear down and locked

Question 17

VLO

Answer 17

Max speed with the l/d in motion speed

Slower than vle

Question 18

VFE

Answer 18

Max flap extension speed

VFE for each stage of flap

Question 19

Vb

Answer 19

Speed at which the a/c can handle a vertical gust

20,000 - a/c must be able to withstand 66ft/s of air movement

50,000 - 38 ft/s - linear decrease

Question 20

Vra

Answer 20

Velocity for rough air (vturb)

Faster than vb and mor practical

Question 21

Vc

Answer 21

Max speed without causing structural deformation

Question 22

Vd

Answer 22

Design dive speed

Exceed this and you could brake the a/c

Must be able to withstand 25fps at 25,000 ft

Question 23

Va

Answer 23

Max speed you can get to without over stressing the a/c - a/c will stall first

Question 24

NLL

Answer 24

Normal load limit

Question 25

ULL

Answer 25

Ultimate load limit

Pass this and you will cause structural failure

22% higher than va speed

Question 26

Min control speeds

Answer 26

Min speed we can go to have the effect of the rudder at engine failure

They will be faster in low altitude, cold locations as they are all about thrust

Question 27

VMCG and how it is determined

Answer 27

The fastest of VMC speeds 
The a/c is in ground effect or on the ground 
Determined for 
- max available thrust on operating engines 
- most unfavourable CG position, aft
- a/c trimmed for t/o
-MTOM
- the most critical t/o config

Question 28

VMCA and how it is determined

Answer 28

The a/c is airborne and out of ground effect
Only allowed max bank of 5*, roll reduces force on tail and makes this speed faster.
Determined for
- max available thrust on operating engines
- most unfavourable CG position, aft
- a/c trimmed for t/o
-MTOM
- the most critical t/o config (but without the gear)
- the prop is windmilling, if it has auto-feather then feathered

Question 29

VMCL and how its determined

Answer 29

All about the landing 
Has a roll requirement which may cause it to be faster than the min speed for directional control 
Determined by
- max available thrust/go around power on operating engines 
- most unfavourable CG position, aft
- a/c trimmed for l/d
-MTOM
- the most critical aprch and L/D config