Formulas

Question 1

Wing loading

Answer 1

Load = weight/wing area

Glider = small wing loading

High wing loading = high adverse pressure gradient
Flow energy is lost quicker, earlier stall onset

Question 2

Calculating Vs

Answer 2

Vs=Vs1g x square root of the Lf

Question 3

Pitching angle

Answer 3

AoA + flight path angle

Question 4

Lift in a turn

Answer 4

= wcosgamma

Question 5

Thrust in a climb

Answer 5

Thrust = D + wsingamma

Question 6

Flight path angle

Answer 6

Singamma = T-D/w

Question 7

LF in a climb

Answer 7

Cosgamma

Question 8

Power required in a climb

Answer 8

Drag x TAS

Question 9

Power available in a climb

Answer 9

Thrust x TAS

Question 10

% gradient in a climb

Answer 10

T-D/W x 100

Question 11

Rule of thumb for % gradient

Answer 11

5%= 3 degrees

Question 12

How to turn the L/D ratio into a digit to work with

Answer 12

Turn the mass into N

Divide by the ratio number

Question 13

Thrust in a descent

Answer 13

D - wsingamma

Question 14

Glide range

Answer 14

Height x L/D ratio

Question 15

Rate of descent

Answer 15

Angle x speed

Vmp

Question 16

Centripetal force

Answer 16

M x v2 / r

Remember speed in a turn is a velocity so it’s always m/s

Question 17

Angle of bank

Answer 17

v2/r x g

Question 18

Radius of a turn

Answer 18

v2 / g tanø

If speed increases by 2x, radius increases by 4x

Question 19

Time taken to complete a 360 degree turn

Answer 19

Find the radius = v2 / g tanø

Find the circumference using 2 x pi x r

Now use time = distance/speed

Question 20

Rate of turn

Answer 20

TAS/radius x 60 = degrees/s

Double the speed, rate of turn is decreased by half

Question 21

Angle of bank

Answer 21

TAS(kts)/10 + 7degrees

Question 22

Propeller efficiency

Answer 22

Thrust power (output) / shaft power (input)

Question 23

Calculating Mach

Answer 23

TAS/LSS

Question 24

Calculating LSS

Answer 24

LSS = 39 x square root of temp in kelvin

Question 25

Continuity

Answer 25

A1 V1 rho1 = A2 V2 rho2 = A3 V3 rho3

Question 26

Bernoulli

Answer 26

Pt = Ps + q

Question 27

Stall speed new

Answer 27

Old stall speed x square root weight new/weight old

Question 28

3 step method

Answer 28

Decide if answer is bigger or smaller

Write equation

Is speed a variable N - ignore this step
Y - do you know the speed change Y - square N - square root

Question 29

1/V2

Answer 29

Induced drag

Question 30

Cdi

Answer 30

CL2 / Aspect ratio

Question 31

Aspect ratio

Answer 31

Span/chord

Span2/area

Always bigger than 1

Question 32

Taper ratio

Answer 32

Tip chord/root chord

Always smaller than 1

Question 33

1/Mach number

Answer 33

SinU

Question 34

Stick force/g

Answer 34

Stick force/change in LF from 1g

Question 35

Va new

Answer 35

= Va old x square root of new weight/old weight

Question 36

Gust load factor GLF

Answer 36

Change in LF away from 1g and is proportional to speed

Use the first 2 steps in the 3 step method but remove 1g from all load factors and once calculated add 1g back on to find the actual GLF

Question 37

T/D - CD/CL

Answer 37

Another way of writing singamma