UWorld Tests - 6/1/2014 Flashcards
OI, Ehlers Danlos and Alport Syndrome are related to defects which types of collagen?
Type 1 / Type 3 and 4 / Type 4
Type 1 collagen found in?
Bone, tendon, ligaments, dentin, cornea, blood vesslels, SCAR TISSUE
TYPE 2 collagen found in?
Cartilage, vitreous humor, nucleos pulposus
Type 3 collagen found in? Type 4?
Skin, lungs, intestine, BV, bone marrow, lymphatics, and granulation tissue. Type 4 = basement membrane
How do you calculate attributable risk reduction
ARR = event rate in placebo group - event rate in treatment group. Difference in risk due to intervention
Episodic headaches are a feature of MEN 2a and 2b because?
Pheochromocytomas produce catecholamines that lead to episodic increases in blood pressure, flushing, diaphoresis and headaches
Hypertension with low plasma renin activity is indicative of what? What electrolyte imbalances does it cause? What electrolyte balance does it NOT cause
Primarly aldosteronism. Causes HYPOkalemia and increased bicarb concentration. Does NOT cause hypernatremia because of the “aldosterone escpe” mechanism in which increased blood volume/pressure leads to atria releasing ANP and causing diuresis and natriuses
How does ANP work?
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle via GMP, increases GFR, decreases renin, natriuesis and diuresis with no compensatory absorption of Na+
What is the clinical ppt of legionella? Labs?
Atypical pneumonia = high fever, watery diarrhea, cns symptoms like confusion, severe pneumonia. Gram sputum stain shows many neutrophils but no organisms. Labs show HYPONATREMIA. TX WITH macrolides or quinolone
Supsect legionella when?
Patients have recent exposure to contaminated water like cruise ship/hotel stay
Pneumonia + hyponatremia, think?
Legionella
What test can be done to confirm menopause?
Check serum FSH levels. In menopause, dying ovaries make less estrogen. Due to loss of negative feedback from decreased estrogen, FSH levels will be elevated. => checking these levels is a good test
What drug is used in hypertensive emergencies that has the effect of decreasing blood pressure while increasing renal perfusion
Selective Dopamine 1 receptor agonist => increased cAMP => results in vasodilation of arterial beds especially renal, splanchinic and coronary. (per wiki, causes Ca2+ to be removed from cytoplasm more quickly). Vasodilation => decreased BP while increased renal perfusion
What antibody has high spceificity for RA?
Anti CCP
Abnormal fusion vs abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud leads to?
Abnormal fusion = pancreas divisum, abnormal migration = pancreas annulus
