NBME Test 5/17/2014 Flashcards
Antibodies found in rheumatoid arthritis
Rh factor (IgM to IgG),n Anti-CCP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide. Strong a/w HLA DR4
What drains into the internal iliac nodes
Lower recturm to anal canal (above pectinate line), bladder, vagina (middle third), prostate
What drains into the superficial inguinal nodes
Anal canal below pectinate line, skin below umbilicus (except popliteal territory)
What drains into para-aortic nodes
Testis, ovaries, uterus, kidneys
What is bosentan
Endotheli-1 receptor antagonists. Used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Decreaes pulmonary vascular resistance
Coarse reticular pattern on Chest X ray with, clubbing, decreased total lung capcity
Increased fibrosis in interstitium
Describe Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - What kind of mutation, what gene, symptoms, diagnosis?
X-linked frameshift mutation => truncated dystrophin protein accelerated muscle breakdown. Weakness begins in pelvic girdle muscles and progresses superiorly. Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles due to fibrofatty replacement of muscle A . Gower maneuver—patients use upper extremity to help them stand up. Onset before 5 years of age. Dilated cardiomyopathy is common cause of death.
What is the MOA of protease inhibitors?
Assembly of virions depends on HIV-1 protease (pol gene), which cleaves the polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into their functional parts. Thus, protease inhibitors prevent maturation of new viruses. Ritonavir can “boost” other drug concentrations by inhibiting cytochrome P-450. All protease inhibitors end in -navir. Navir (never) tease a protease.
What does cocaine cause in pregnant women
Placenta abruption, abnormal growth, fetal addiction, prematurity
Different types of shock
pg 222
Motor parasympathetic vagus supplies which muscles?
superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors, muscles of the larynx, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini muscle, palatoglossus muscle, palatopharyngeus muscle
Blown pupil/ down and out gaze can be caused by?
PCOMM aneurysm
Prader Willi Syndrome
Maternal imprinting: gene from mom is normally silent and Paternal gene is deleted/ mutated. Results in hyperphagia, obesity, intellectual disability, hypogonadism, and hypotonia. They’re mean and want to eat everything.25% of cases due to maternal uniparental disomy (two maternally imprinted genes are received; no paternal gene received).
Imatinib is a treatment for? MOA
CML, GI Stromal tumors. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of bcr-abl (Phil chromosome fusion gene in CML) and ckit (GI stromal tumors)
Adrenal medulla is dervied from which embryonic layer
Neuroal crest
