UWorld Questions Flashcards
Most important risk factor for stroke?
Hypertension
Which type of hematoma crosses suture lines?
Subdural hematoma
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Caused by mother use of carbamazepine or phenytoin. Microcephaly, cleft lip/palate, digital hypoplasia, hirsuitism.
Long term sequelae of bacterial meningitis?
Hearing loss, mental retardation, loss of cognitive function, seizures, spasticity or paralysis.
Creutzfeld Jacob Disease Symptoms.
Rapidly progressive dementia, ataxia, myoclonus, hypokinesia, bi/triphasic sharp waves on EEG.
What is preserved in brain death?
Deep tendon reflexes – no brain needed.
Symptoms of hypokalemia
Weakness and cramps in extremities. Broad flat t waves, u waves, can cause vfib or torsades.
What is biggest risk factor for development of cerebral palsy?
Prematurity before 32 weeks.
Most common form of cerebral palsy in premature infants?
Spastic diplegia. Hypertonia and spasticity in legs often with an equinovarus (down and in) deformity of the foot.
When to perform craniotomy after a epidural hematoma?
Cerebellar signs, pupil defect, GCS
What causes anterior cord syndrome?
Paraparasis, loss of pain and temp. Proprioception intact. Caused by a burst fracture of a vertebrae
Cauda equina syndrome
Motor loss on one side, variable sensory loss, urinary and fecal incontinence.
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Due to malnutrition (lack of B1). Gait dysfunction, ocular problems, altered mental status.
Key indicator of dementia?
Impaired functioning with ADLs and IADLS
Multiple System Atrophy symptoms
Autonomic dysfunction with parkinsonism. AKA shy-drager syndrome.
Primidone
Antiepileptic that converts to phenobarbital. Can cause abdominal pain, hallucinations, headaches and dizziness.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Infection can drain to the sinus because veins there are valveless. This can cause cavernous sinus thrombosis Causes headache periorbital edema, nerve palsies.
Basal ganglia hemorrhage
Contralateral Hemiparesis and hemisensory loss.
Gaze palsy.
Homonymous hemianopsia.
Cerebellar hemorrhage
NO hemiparesis.
+ ataxia, dysmetria, headache, facial weakness
Thalamic hemorrhage
Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss. Eyes deviate towards the lesion. Nonreactive miotic pupils, upgaze palsy
Prochlorperazine
Intravenous D2 antagonist used for nausea
Niemann Pick Vs Tay Sachs
Niemann Pick disease – sphingomyelinase deficiency
Tay Sachs – hexosaminidase deficiency
Both have cherry red spot and protuberent abdomen
Niemann pick has hepatosplenomegaly and arreflexia.
Tay Sachs has no HSM and hyperreflexia.
Causes of syringomyelia
Arnold chiari malformations
Spinal cord injury
Central Cord syndrome
Hyperextension injury in elderly with spondylosis. Weakness in upper extremities, incomplete loss in lowers. Localized loss of pain and temp sensation.
How to manage myesthenic crisis?
Pyridostigmine, then IVIG/plasmaphoresis AND glucocorticoids.
How to distinguish absence seizure from complex partial seizure?
Complex partial seizure has post-ictal confusion.
Most common infra vs supra tentorial neoplasm in children?
Both astrocytomas
Treatment for patients with one brain met, or multiple?
One=surgical resection
Two=whole brain irradiation
Peripheral vascular disease vs spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis pain is present upon standing, not just with activity.
Spinal stenosis can paint a neurogenic claudication picture. Check pulses.
