UWORLD Flashcards
What is the first step in treating a patient who has hypovolemic hypernatremia?
Restore volume with ISOTONIC fluids (0.9% saline).
What test is needed to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA?
Biochemical testing with either 24 hour urine for metanephrines and free catecholamines or plasma free metanephrines to diagnose pheochromocytoma.
What condition presents with difficulty with placental delivery resulting in cord avulsion and necessitates a manual extraction further complicated by placental adherence and severe hemorrhage?
Placenta Accreta – vili attach directly to myometrium instead of decidua.
What shoudl be done for a patient who is exposed to HBV and has a documented response to previous HBV vaccination?
Reassurance
What study involves 2 or more experimental interventions each with 2 or more variables that are studied independently?
Factorial Design
Development of atrioventricular block in a patient with infective endocarditis should raise suspicion for what?
Perivalvular abscess extending into the adjacent cardiac conduction tissues.
What is Metatarsus adductus type I and what is the type of management required?
A congenital foot abnormality characterized by adduction of anterior aspect of the foot with a convex lateral border and concave medial border. Type I overcorrects both passively and actively into abduction. These cases spontaneously correct themselves, no treatment necessary.
What are the symptoms of HOCM and what type of murmur is heard?
Symptoms: Syncope, dyspnea, chest pain.
Murmur: Mid Systolic , Crescendo-Decrescendo along left sternal border w/o carotid radiation.
Most patients with Paget’s disease of the breast have what type of underlying cancer?
Adenocardinoma
What type of reaction is AERD (Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease)
Pseudoallergic reaction to NSAIDS.
What is the antiobiotic of choice for prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by a human bite/dog bite?
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
Covers gram +/-, and anaerobes.
If a patient is in hypovolemic shock after having a major burn despite adequate initial fluid resuscitation, what do you suspect?
Sepsis due to burn wound infection.
What is the definition of adjustment disorder?
Development of emotional/behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor within 3 months of onset of the stressor.
What is the treatment for an elderly patient who presents with depressive symptoms as well as memory impairment?
SSRI – pseudodementia/reversible cognitive impairment treatment.
What is multiple system atrophy?
Degenerative disease characterized by:
- Parkinsonism
- Autonomic dysfunction (Postural hypotension, abnormal sweating, disturbance of bowel/bladder control, abnormal salivation/lacrimation, impotence, gastroparesis)
- Widespread neurological signs
Also known as Shy-Dager syndrome.
What is the treatment for Polymyalgia rheumatica?
Low-dose glucocorticoids. (10-20mg daily)
What is the most common cause of Amaurosis fugax?
Retinal emboli from ipsilateral carotid artery.
What kind of rash is seen in secondary syphilis?
Maculopapular rash that typically begins in the trunk and extends to the periphery including the palms and soles.
Often accompanied by generalized lymphadenopathy.
What should be the initial treatment in patient with AFIB and RVR.
Rate control w/ beta blockers or calcium channel blockers.
If hemodynamically unstable, perform immediate synchronized electrical cardioversion.
What is the diagnostic test of choice for Zenker’s diverticulum?
Contrast esophagram, unless the patient has severe trouble swallowing.
When should the oral glucose tolerance test be administered to pregnant patients?
24-28 weeks gestation.
What is a major distinction between glomerular and non glomerular hematuria?
Non glomerular hematuria is not typically accompanied with proteinuria.
A newborn who presents with Jaundice, acholic stools/dark urine, hepatomegaly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and mild elevation in transaminases should be suspected to have what?
Biliary atresia
Define: a patient’s inability to recall important autobiographical information
Dissociative amnesia - onset typically sudden and preceded by overwhelming/ intolerable events.