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LAST REVIEWS! Flashcards

1
Q

How can you tell the difference between HOCM murmur and Aortic Stenosis Murmur

A

HOCM gets louder with valsalva, decreases preload, therefore increased left ventricular outflow obstruction

AS gets softer with valsalva decreased preload, less blood to go through stenosis.

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2
Q

What is the treatment for acute decompensated CHF presenting with pulmonary edema?

A 
NOLIP
Nitrates
Oxygen
Loop diuretics
Ionotropic Drugs
Positioning

**on test – loop diuretics!

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3
Q

What specific beta blockers reduce mortality in CHF patients?

A

Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Extended-release metoprolol

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4
Q

Which two types of medications are most likely used to treat Prinzmetal angina?

A

CCB

Nitrates

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5
Q

What happens to HR in neurogenic shock?

A

Decreased

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6
Q

What are the two most common sites to place a pulmonary artery catheter?

A

Right IJ

Left Subclavian

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7
Q

How many criteria do you need for diagnosis of rheumatic fever? What are the criteria?

A

2 major or 1 major and 2 minors.

Major = Jones
Minor = Peace
Previous rheumatic fever
ECG with PR prolongation
Arthralgias
CRP and ESR elevation
Elevated Temperature
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8
Q

What 4 conditions need endocarditis prophylaxis prior to surgery/dental procedure?

A

Prosthetic cardiac valve
Previous infective endocarditis
Congenital heart disease
Cardiac transplantation with cardiac valvulopathy

Meds: amoxicillin – 2 g given 30-60 minutes prior to procedure

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9
Q

What is the criteria for diagnosis of endocarditis?

A

2 major, 1 major 3 minor, 5 minor

Major = BE
Minor = FIVE PM
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10
Q

U waves are indicative of what abnormalities?

A

Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperthyroid

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11
Q

Top 5 treatments for PSVT?

A
  1. carotid massage
  2. Valsalva maneuver
  3. IV adenosine
  4. CCB
  5. BB
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12
Q

MAT treatment

A

CCB
BB blockers
Correct electrolyte abnormalities

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13
Q

AF Management:

A

Evaluate for thrombus with TEE
Anticoagulate
Rhythm control w/ sotalol / amiodarone
Rate control w/ BB

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14
Q

A FLUTTER management:

A

Rate control/rhythm control

Cardioversion if hemodynamically unstable

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15
Q

V TACH treatment:

A

Electrocardioversion if hemodynamically unstable

Antiarrhythmic medication of hemodynamically stable

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16
Q

V FIB TX

A

CPR, immediate electrical cardioversion

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17
Q

What should be the goal BP initially when treating hypertensive urgency?

A

BP to 160/100

Reduce MAP no more than 25% in first 2-3 hours

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18
Q

What is cilostazol used for?

A

Improves blood flow to LE and decreases claudication.

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?

A

Supportive Care

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20
Q

What is tx for hiatal hernia?

A

PPI/ Dietary Modification

Nissen Fundoplication if refractory to tx

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21
Q

What type of gastric cancer involves all layers of the stomach?

A

Linitis Plastica

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22
Q

All patients who present with likely acute upper GI hemmorhage need what diagnostic study?

A

EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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23
Q

Tropical Sprue or Celiac disease?

  1. Megaloblastic anemia
  2. Iron deficiency
A
  1. TS

2. CD

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24
Q

TX for Tropical Sprue?

A

Tetracycline
Folic acid
possibly B12

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25
Stool osmotic gap calculation and results meaning:
Stool osmotic gap = 290 - 2(Na +K in stool) | > 125 = osmotic diarrhea
26
Where is the most common site for a carcinoid tumor?
Ileum
27
What is the best radiological test for Acute cholangitis?
ERCP (on gallbladder issue where US is not best diagnostic radiological test)
28
What viral infection is likely to more likely to cause fulminant hepatic failure in pregnant women?
Hepatitis E
29
in Hepatitis B, what is indicated when HEP B DNA level is high?
Active viral replication, treatment is indicated when high.
30
What medication is used to kill enteric bacteria that generate ammonia in patients with cirrhosis?
Rifaximin
31
What is the treatment for SBP?
Cefotaxime or other third generation cephalosporin for at least 5 days.
32
Which vasopressor: 1. Theoretically causes renal vasodilation 2. High doses optimize the a1 vasoconstriction?
1. Dopamine | 2. Epinephrine/ Dopamine
33
How many symptoms do you need to diagnose SLE?
4 out of 11
34
What antibodies are Diffuse Scleroderma associated with? What about Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis?
Anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 antibodies (Anti-SCL 70) Anti-centromere antibodies
35
What antibodies are associated with Mixed connective tissue disease?
Anti-U1-RNP antibodies
36
When is the ulnar claw apparent?
When asked to extend fingers, inability to extend 3rd and 4th digit
37
When is the hand of benediction apparent?
When median nerve injury farther up the arm, apparent when asked to flex the fingers
38
What is a more common injury at the knee?
ACL tear with a lateral meniscus injury
39
What is the cause of back pain that is accompanied by abnormal gait where knees are flexed and hips remain flexed?
Spondylolisthesis
40
What is the treatment of Warm agglutinin hemolytic anemia?
Glucocorticoids Rituximab Splenectomy
41
What is the treatment for Hereditary Spherocytosis?
Folic acid 1 mg daily RBC transfusions in cases of extreme anemia Splenectomy for moderate/severe disease.
42
What test do you use to monitor for Heparin?
PTT
43
What test is used to monitor LMWH?
Antifactor XA activity, but normally this is not monitored
44
What is the abx tx for patients with meningitis > 1 month old?
Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin | add Ampicillin when > 50
45
What is the treatment for renal amyloidosis?
Melphalan - suppress bone marrow, Hematopoietic cell transplant
46
Which disease? | Hyaline Casts
Normal patients with concentrated urine
47
Which disease? | RBC Casts
Glomerular bleeding
48
Which disease? | WBC Casts
Tubularinterstitial disease, acute pyelonephritis
49
Which disease? | Epithelial Cell casts
Acute Tubular necrosis | AIN
50
Which disease? | Granular Casts
ATN
51
What are 4 causes of Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis?
``` Hypoaldosternoism Artificial feeding (TPN) Renal Tubular Acidosis Diarrhea ```
52
What happens to potassium level in Fanconi Syndrome?
Low Potassium
53
What is the mechanism cause by which HELLP results in low platelets?
Systemic inflammation and platelet consumption
54
What happens to lung compliance in ARDS?
it significantly decreases
55
What is the most common cause of abnormal hemostasis in patients with CRF?
Platelet dysfunction.
56
MLD and cause of patient with painful vesicles, punched out erosions, hemorrhagic crusting along with fever and lymphadenopathy in young child on cheeks.
Eczema herpeticum caused by HSV
57
Management of: | LSIL
21-24: Repeat Pap in 1 year | > 25: Colposcopy and repeat pap in 1 year
58
Management of HSIL
21-24: Colposcopy | > 25: Colposcopy and LEEP
59
Management of ASCUS
21-24: Repeat Pap in 1 year | > 25: Colposcopy and HPV test
60
Management of ASC-H
21-24: Colposcopy | > 25: Colposcopy
61
Management of AGC
21-24: Colposcopy + endocervical sampling | > 25: Colposcopy, Endocervical sampling, Endometrial biopsy > 35 years or risk factors
62
MLD: 2-3 mm yellow pustule with red base arising in the first 24-72 hours, microscopic examination of the pustular contents reveals numerous eosinophils, usually gone by 3 weeks
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
63
MLD: Spider-webbing/marbling of the skin
Cutis marimorata

AAAAA STEP 2 (4 decks)

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