Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 > Uworld 3 > Flashcards

Uworld 3 Flashcards

1
Q

pregnancy: thyroid changes

A

TG up
thyroxine up –> total thyroid hormone up
free T4 only up a little or none
TSH down (suppressed by hcg and increased T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tx: hypothyroidism in preg

A

up levo 30% when find out pregnant

adjust q month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

path: HELLP syndrome

A

abnormal placentation –> systemic inflammation –> activate coags and complement –> platelet consumption and microangio hemolytic anemia –> liver problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tx: HELLP

A

delivery
magnesium (seizure prophylaxis)
anti-HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when do you do amnioinfusion

A

variable decels from cord compression in labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pt w/ hashimoto’s: rapidly enlarging firm goiter –> dysphagia/hoarseness

A

think about thyroid lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

time frame: contrast induced nephropathy

A

spike within 24 hrs of contrast

return to normal in 5 - 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FTT and normal anion gap acidosis

A

thing RTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RTAs by urine pH

A

2 and 4: < 5.5

1: >5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RTAs by K

A

1 and 2: low-normal

4: high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

path: RTAs

A

1: poor H secretion (genes, meds, AI)
2: poor bicarb resorption (fanconi)
4: aldo resistance (obstructive, CAH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tx: symptomatic sinus brady

A

atropine

no response –> epi or dopamine or pacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

withdrawal from maternal E –>

A

vaginal bleeding
breast buds
genital engorgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

recurrent infections and displaced PMI

A

kartagener syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PE finding: agammaglobulinemia

A

no tonsillar/adenoidal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ddx: stridor in babies

A

croup
foreign body
laryngomalacia
vascular ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

baby: stridor worse when supine, improves when prone

A

laryngomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

baby: biphasic stridor that improves with neck extension

A

vascular ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dx: infective endocarditis

A

blood cultures (3 from diff sites) before echo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pure motor hemiparesis

A

think lacunar stroke (internal capsule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pure sensory stroke

A

think lacunar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

path: lacunar stroke

A

chronic HTN –> arteriolar sclerosis and occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

meds –> psychosis/hallucinations

A

anti-histamines
alpha-adrenergics
dextromethorphan
glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

neonate: temp instability, poor feeding, lethargy

A

think sepsis (get blood, urine and CSF cultures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

needs to stop paps

A

65 or hysterectomy w/o CIN 2+
AND
3 neg paps/2 co-tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

stroke: contra sensory and motor mainly in lower extremity

A

anterior cerebral artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

stroke: contra hemiplegia and ipsilateral CN

A

vertebrobasilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

stroke: hemineglect

A

middle cerebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

stroke: dyspraxia, urinary incontinence

A

anterior cerebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

stroke: homonymous hemianopsia

A

middle cerebral artery occlusion

BG hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

biliary cysts: presentation by age

A

classic: RUQ pain, jaundice, palpable mass
infants: jaundice, clay stools
older kids: pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

tx: hypovolemic hypernatremia

A

bolus normal saline (or LR, but has to be isotonic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

CF vs primary ciliary dyskinesia

A

PSD doesn’t have pancreatic insufficiency or FTT

PSD has situs inversus sometimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

polyuria and sterile pyuria in female chronically taking combined analgesics

A

think papillary necrosis or chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

BUN/Cr > 20

A

prerenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

BUN/Cr < 15

A

ATN (any tubular damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

a/w absence seizures

A

ADHD

anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what does anamnestic ab response –>

A

delayed hemolytic blood transfusion rxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

bleed: non reactive miotic pupils

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

bleed: homonymous hemianopsia

A

occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

bleed: pinpoint reactive pupils

A

pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

bleed: upgaze palsy

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

when do kids get the meningococcal vaccine

A

primary @ 11 - 12
booster @ 16 - 21
(can get primary @ > 18 if high risk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

who gets necrotizing enterocolitis

A

premies

term babies w/ congenital heart dz or hTN (–> reduced mesenteric perfusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

how long does postconcussive syndrome last

A

usually within few weeks to months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

things that cause up AFP in maternal serum

A

NTDs
abdominal wall defects (omphalocele, gastroschisis)
multiple gestations
rare: congenital nephrosis or obstructive uropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

how to cool someone in heat stroke

A

rapid: ice bath best

no antipyretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

PCOS a/w

A

metabolic syndrome (DM, HTN)
OSA
NASH
endometrial hyperplasia/CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

causes: osteomalacia

A

vit D def

malabsorption, celiacs, chronic kidney/liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

old guy: chronic pelvic pain, voiding sx, pain w/ ejaculation

A

think chronic prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

joint most often involved in RA

A

MCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

bony enlargement or PIP and DIP

A

OA (Bouchard + Heberden nodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

sinus/face infection –> HA, papilledema

A

think cavernous sinus thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

EMB: complex endometrial hyperplasia

A

think about unopposed estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

when do you need to give iV fluids to a kid

A

mod - severe (think decreased turgor, delayed cap refill, low urine output)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

pelvic frx –> blood at meatus, scrotal ecchymosis, high riding prostate

A

think posterior urethral injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

pelvic frx –> gross hematuria, difficulty voiding

A

think bladder rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

straddle injury –>

A

think anterior urethral injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

dx: bladder rupture

A

retrograde cystogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

dx: posterior urethral injury

A

retrograde urethrogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

dx: anterior urethral injury

A

retrograde urethrogram ?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

best emergency contraceptive

A

copper IUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

which emergency contraceptives can be given > 72 hrs after

A

copper IUD
ulipristal - less effective than IUD
both up to 120 hrs after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

abdominal film w/ gas filled small and large bowel and gastric dilation

A

paralytic ileus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

abdominal film w/ only gastric dilation

A

gastric outlet obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

succussion splash over stomach

A

think gastric outlet obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

pseudotumor cerebri complications

A

blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Kallmann syndrome is what kind of hypo?

A

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

symptomatic AFV –>

A

widened PP
systolic flow murmur
tachycardia
LVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

tx: essential HTN during pregnancy

A

labetalol or methyldopa (1st line)

nifedipine and hydralazine good alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

mgmt: prego pt on lithium

A

taper lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

schizo MRI

A

loss of cortical volume

lateral ventricle enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

tx: recurrent variable decels

A 
maternal repositioning (L lat)
amnioinfusion if doesnt work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

proximal muscle weakness w/o pain, normal ESR, normal CK

A

think glucocorticoid induced or Cushing’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

foot deformity: flexible positioning, medial deviation of forefoot, neutral position of hindfoot

A

metatarsus adductus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

foot deformity: rigid positioning, medial/upward deviation of fore- and hindfoot; hyper-plantar flexion

A

congenital clubfoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

tx: metatarsus adductus

A

reassurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

tx: congenital clubfoot

A

serial manipulation and casting

surgery if refractory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

newborn: sensorineural hearing loss, cardiac defects, cataracts

A

congenital rubella (cardiac = PDA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

epigastric pain somewhat relieved by sitting upright/leaning forward

A

think chronic pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

painful genital ulcers

A 
HSV
haemophilus ducreyi (has big LNs too)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

painless genital ulcers

A

treponema pallidum
chlamydia trachomatis
granuloma inguinale (klebsiella granulomatis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

talk through stopping steroid treatments

A

ACTH is low because steroid levels have been so high in tx

cortisol is low because steroid levels have been so high in tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

infertility by age

A

< 35 you get a year to try

> 35, 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

theophylline tox

A

CNS
GI
cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

what makes theophylline tox more likely

A

illness (cirrhosis, infections)

drugs (cipro, erythromycin, verapamil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

RA type joint pain w/ normal ESR

A

think parvo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

poisoning from house fire

A

cyanide and carbon monoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

pronator drift shows

A

UMN/pyramidal/corticospinal tract dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

sensory things affected by aminoglycosides

A

hearing loss
vestibulopathy (esp gentamicin)
oscillopsia (objects moving in visual field)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

dx: vestibulopathy

A

head thrust (look at target, move head away, see if eyes leave and go back w/ horizontal saccade)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

pleural effusion w/ yellow exudate and high amylase content

A

think esophageal perf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

mgmt: erb-duchenne palsy

A

PT and massage to prevent contractures
usually clears up by 3 months
may need surgery, but doesn’t really work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

mgmt: MS flare

A

high dose IV glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone)

plasma exchange if doesn’t work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

what does hCG do

A

preserves corpus luteum so that progesterone stays up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

tx: radial head subluxation (nursemaid’s elbow)

A

closed reduction: apply pressure to radial head and hyperpronate the forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

when to get CA-125 for ovarian cancer dx

A

post meno and see a mass on U/S (it’s more specific in post meno)
high –> get MRI or CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

high alk phos…now what

A

look at GGT
normal –> bone stuff
high –> biliary stuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

tx: afib w/ hx of WPW

A

stable: procainamide
unstable: cardioversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

cardiac RFs, DM and high TGs

A

still just give them a statin (it’ll do both)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

tx: exercise induced bronchoconstriction

A

inhaled albuterol 10 min before exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

unexplained superficial venous thrombosis in weird place

A

Trousseau’s syndrome

usually a sign of malignancy (panc is MC, lung, prostate, stomach, colon, leukemias)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

mgmt: PPROM

A

34 - 37 wks: abx, +/- corticosteroids, delivery

< 34 wks, no fetal compromise: abx, corticosteroids, fetal surveillance

< 34 wks, fetal compromise: abx, corticosteroids, delivery

< 32 wks, fetal compromise: above + Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

tx: inflammatory vs nodular (cystic) acne

A

mod (same): topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, topical abx
severe (same): add oral abx
refractory severe (nodular only): add oral isotretinoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

everything about CML

A

philadelphia chromosome (translocation 9:22)

gene: BCR-ABL
tx: tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

how does lead poisoning lead to anemia

A

mess with heme synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

HA, nausea, blurry vision, sluggish/dilated pupil

A

acute angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

drugs that cause acute angle glaucoma

A

anticholinergics (eg trihexyphenidyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

complications: status epilepticus

A

cortical necrosis –> neuro deficits, recurrent seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

what goes wrong when you correct Na levels too fast

A

original problem: consequence of rapid correction

hypernatremia: cerebral edema
hyponatremia: osmotic demyelination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

triple bubble sign and gasless colon on abdominal x ray

A

jejunal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

otitis media, mastoiditis, morning vomiting, nocturnal HA

A

think about temporal brain abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

mgmt: penile fracture

A

urethrogram

surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

indications for urethrogram

A

possible urethral injury +

  • blood @ meatus
  • hematuria
  • dysuria
  • or urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

non back things in ankylosing spondylitis

A

enthesitis
dactylitis
uveitis
aortic regurg (complication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

time frame: post partum blues

A

2 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

OA signs

A

bony hypertrophy
crepitus
small joint effusions w/o erythema/warmth
baker cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

MC orgs: bacterial pneumonia post flu – young people

A

staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

who has marfanoid habitus

A

marfan’s

homocystinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

marfan’s vs homocystinuria

A

homocystinuria has fair complexion, intellectual disability, hypercoag and megaloblastic anemia (and no aorta problems)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

when do you do a diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

A

hemo unstable blunt trauma pt with inconclusive FAST exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
122
Q

tx: newborn with acute hep B infected mom

A

hep B Ig then hep B vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
123
Q

myopathy with normal ESR and CK

A

glucocorticoid induced

124
Q

ddx: myopathy with elevated CK

A

inflammatory (myositis)
statin
hypothyroid

125
Q

ddx: myopathy with elevated ESR

A 
inflammatory (myositis)
polymyalgia rheumatica (won't have elevated CK)
126
Q

vision loss, pain with eye mvmt, afferent pupil defect

A

think optic neuritis (a/w MS)

127
Q

“washed out” color vision

A

think optic neuritis (a/w MS)

128
Q

fundoscopy in optic neuritis

A

normal

129
Q

fundoscopy: increased cup to disc ratio

A

open angle glaucoma

130
Q

fundoscopy: retinal whitening, cherry red spot

A

central retinal artery occlusion

131
Q

fundoscopy: yellow deposits

A

macular degeneration (drusen)

132
Q

tx: cancer related anorexia/cachexia

A

progesterone analogues (megestrol acetate) > corticosteroids

133
Q

tx: HIV cachexia

A

cannabinoids (dronabinol)

134
Q

tx: anorexia and depression

A

CBT, food stuff, SSRIs

135
Q

talk about path of spinal stenosis

A

MC: degenerative arthritis –> spondylosis (osteophytes) –> spinal stenosis

other: hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum, bulging disc, spondylolisthesis

136
Q

skin cancer a/w immunosuppression

A

SCC

137
Q

MC skin malignancy

A

basal cell

138
Q

skin cancer w/ numbness/paresthesias

A

SCC

139
Q

causes of avascular necrosis

A

steroids, EtOH, SLE, APS, sickle cell, osteo/HIV, renal transplant, the bends

140
Q

hip pain: lateral, worsened with direct pressure

A

trochanteric bursitis

141
Q

hip x ray: crescent sign

A

avascular necrosis

142
Q

is hand foot and mouth rash itchy? painful?

A

neither

143
Q

tx: endocarditis in IVDA

A

vanco

144
Q

diastolic murmur

A

AR

MS

145
Q

MCC isolated AR in young person

A

bicuspid aortic valve

146
Q

path and RFs: lacunar strokes

A

path: microatheroma and lipohyalinosis in small penetrating arteries

RFs: HTN, HLD, DM, smoking

147
Q

erythema nodosum

A

strep, sarcoid, TB, coccidioidomycosis, IBD, behcet

148
Q

workup: erythema nodosum

A

basic labs + ASO, TB, CXR

149
Q

diet changes for HTN and what helps most

A 
weight loss
DASH diet (high fruit/veggie, low sat fat)
exercise 
low sodium
less EtOH
150
Q

hyperthyroid a/ low RAIU and nontender goiter

A

painless (silent) thyroiditis

151
Q

anti-thyroid peroxidase Abs

A 
painless thyroiditis (hyper)
Hashimoto's (hypo)
152
Q

URI then painful goiter

A

think subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis

153
Q

late term vs postterm pregnancies

A

late term: 41 wks

post term: 42+ wks

154
Q

fetal risks a/w late/post term pregnancies

A 
oligohydramnios
meconium aspiration
stillbirth
macrosomia
convulsions
155
Q

maternal risks a/w late/post term pregnancies

A

c-section
infection
postpartum hemorrhage
perineal trauma

156
Q

drugs that up survival in LV HF pts

A

ACE/ARBs
BB
mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (spironolactone/eplerenone)
hydralazine and nitrates (AAs only)

157
Q

COPD vs alpha 1 lobes

A

COPD: centrilobular

alpha-1: panacinar (lucency in basilar/lower lobes)

158
Q

when do you irradiate blood products

A

bone marrow transplant recipients
cellular immunodeficiency
blood from 1st/2nd degree relatives

159
Q

when do you use washed blood products

A

IgA deficiency
recurrent allergic rxn even w/ antihistamines
AI hemo-anemia (complement dependent)

160
Q

when do you use leukoreduced blood products

A

previous febrile nonhemo transfusion rxn
chronic transfusers
CMV negative @ risk pts (AIDS, transplant)
potential transplant recipients

161
Q

mgmt: find multiple liver lesions

A

probably mets –> do colonoscopy (MC)

162
Q

vitiligo a/w

A

other AI stuff:

SLE, thyroid, pernicious anemia, addison’s

163
Q

vitiligo vs tinea versicolor

A

vitiligo’s lesions are completely (not partially) depigmented
vitiligo hits faces and extremities (tinea usually chest/upper back)

164
Q

waldenstrom vs MM

A

monoclonal Ab: IgM (Wald) vs IgG, IgA, light chains (MM)

Wald: hyperviscosity, bleeding, neuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly

MM: lytic lesions (+HCa), renal insuff

165
Q

hyperviscosity syndrome

A 
diplopia
tinnitus 
HA
dilated/segmented fundoscopy
(a/w Waldenstrom's)
166
Q

what do you need B12 for

A

DNA synthesis

167
Q

rewarming in hypothermia

A

mild (90 - 95): passive external warming
mod (82 - 90): active external
severe (< 82): active internal

168
Q

lung things that happen in ARDS

A

gas exchange impaired (V/Q mismatch)
lung compliance goes down
pulmonary artery pressure goes up

169
Q

maltese cross on blood smear

A

babesiosis

170
Q

tourniquet test

A

shows capillary fragility

Dengue fever

171
Q

CSF WBCs: neutrophil vs lymphocyte predominance

A

neuts: bacterial
lymph: viral

172
Q

tx: latent TB

A

isoniazid and pyridoxine

173
Q

RA bone complications

A

a/w osteoporosis

174
Q

kid falls with toothbrush in mouth –>

A

possible carotid dissection –> stroke

175
Q

congenital calcifications: CMV vs toxo

A

CMV: periventricular
toxo: diffuse

176
Q

MCC isolated increased alk phos in old people

A

paget

177
Q

path: coarctation of aorta

A

thickening of tunica media

178
Q

baby: leg length discrepancy and asymmetric inguinal skin folds

A

think developmental dysplasia of hip

179
Q

dx: developmental dysplasia of hip

A

Barlow/Ortolani –> clunk
< 4 months –> U/S
> 4 months –> x ray

180
Q

tx: developmental dysplasia of hip

A

pavlik’s harness

181
Q

labs: JRA

A 
increased ESR, CRP
increased ferritin
increased IgG
thrombocytosis
anemia
182
Q

mgmt: cocain angina

A

benzos
ASA
NG
CCBs (NOT BBs - unopposed alpha vasoconstriction)

183
Q

mg tox

A

loss of DTRs
somnolence
resp depression

184
Q

RF mg tox

A

renal insufficiency – lower dose and observe carefully

185
Q

tx: mg tox

A

calcium gluconate

186
Q

endocarditis with new conduction abnormality

A

consider perivalvular abscess

187
Q

dx: appendicitis in preg

A

U/S w/ graded compression

if U/S not diagnostic you can MRI

188
Q

fundoscopy: swollen disc, retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots

A

central retinal vein occlusion

189
Q

AEs azathioprine

A

diarrhea
leukopenia
hepatotox

190
Q

AEs mycophenolate

A

marrow suppression

191
Q

AEs tacrolimus

A

neurotox
diarrhea
glucose intolerance

192
Q

AEs cyclosporine

A 
nephrotox
HTN
neurotox
glucose intolerance
infection
malignancy
gingival hypertrophy 
hirsutism
Gi stuff
193
Q

RFs for brain abscess

A

otitis media
sinusitis
dental infection
bacteremia from infection, cyanotic heart dz

194
Q

CXR: elevation of L main bronchus

A

L atrial enlargement

195
Q

positive thomas test

A

tight psoas

196
Q

digoxin tox

A

n/v, abdominal pain
fatigue, weakness
confusion
vision (changes in color, scotomas, blindness)

197
Q

drugs that up digoxin tox

A

amiodarone
verapamil
quinidine

198
Q

travel: fever, polyarthralgias, maculopapular rash, lympho/thrombocytopenia

A

chikungunya

199
Q

what to do when you can’t find fetal HR w/ doppler

A

need absence of fetal cardiac activity on abdominal U/S to confirm fetal demise

200
Q

what has to be done after a fetal demise

A

fetal: autopsy; examine placenta/membranes/cord; karyotype/genetics
maternal: Kleihauer-Betke test for fetomaternal hemorrhage; antiphospholipid abs; coag studies

201
Q

increased homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid

A

pheo

neuroblastoma in kids

202
Q

tx: CAP (outpatient)

A

healthy: macrolide of doxy
comorbidities: FQ or beta-lactam and macrolide

203
Q

tx: CAP (inpatient)

A

IV FQ
IV beta-lactam + macrolide (good for ICU too)
IV beta-lactam + FQ (ICU only)

204
Q

how does spleen kill stuff

A

Ab mediated phagocytosis (opsonization)

Ab mediated complement activation

205
Q

sepsis does what to kidneys

A

hypoperfusion –> prerenal AKI

if hypoperfusion persists –> ATN

206
Q

what to look out for when prescribing sildenafil

A 
alpha blockers (doxazosin) and nitrates 
--> hTN
207
Q

c-section: how long after can you give anti-coags if need

A

6 - 12 hrs

208
Q

when do you give heparin before imaging in a PE

A

no contraindications to anti-coag
PE likely (wells)
mod/severe distress

209
Q

asterixis

A

hepatic encephalopathy
uremic encephalopathy
CO2 retention

210
Q

cut off to let kidney stones just pass

A

< 5 mm

211
Q

what are those little pink stains in neonate diapers

A

uric acid crystals (totally ok)

212
Q

salvage therapy

A

treatment for a dz when the standard fails

213
Q

neoadjuvant therapy

A

treatment given before the standard tx

214
Q

consolidation therapy

A

tx given after induction therapy

215
Q

maintenance therapy

A

tx given after induction and consolidation therapy

216
Q

which shock has increased mixed venous O2 saturation

A

septic

217
Q

fat embolism syndrome triad

A

resp distress
neuro dysfxn
petechial rash

218
Q

how to open/close a PDA

A

open: prostaglandin E1
close: indomethacin

219
Q

vaginal cancers (+RFs)

A

squamous: HPV/smoking

clear cell adenocarcinoma: in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol

220
Q

tx: EtOH withdrawal

A

lorazepam

chlordiazepoxide (not w/ liver problems)

221
Q

postprandial epigastric pain, food aversion, weight loss

A

think chronic mesenteric ischemia

222
Q

MC adult/adolescent onset muscular dystrophy

A

myotonic MD (Steinert dz)

223
Q

myotonia

A

unable to relax muscle (think handshake)

224
Q

hypovolemia: kidney effects

A

down renal perfusion –> renin/aldo –> upp sodium reabsorption (+ down excretion)

225
Q

anteromedial tibial pain, ok with valgus stress

A

pes anserinus pain syndrome (conjoined gracilis, sartorius and semitendinosus tendons)

226
Q

which one is dilated, which is pinpoint

A

dilated: mydriasis
pinpoint: miosis

227
Q

HIV prophylaxis

A

< 200 (PCP): TMP-SMX
< 150 (histo in histo areas): itraconazole
< 100 (toxo): TMP-SMX
< 50 (MAC): azithromycin

228
Q

croup aka

A

laryngotracheitis

229
Q

wheezing, coughing, under 2

A

think RSV

230
Q

dx: kidney stones

A

U/S or CT w/o contrast

231
Q

magnetic gait

A

NPH

frontal lobe degeneration

232
Q

steppage gait

A

motor neuropathy

233
Q

tx: hoarding

A

CBT

234
Q

fever, night sweats, productive cough, skin lesions, lytic bone lesions

A

blastomycosis (yeah they’re in ohio, ok)

235
Q

heart things a/w afib

A 
HTN heart dz
CAD
rheumatic/valvular
CHF
HCM
post <3 surg
236
Q

pulm things a/w a fib

A

OSA
PE
COPD
acute hypoxia (pneumonia)

237
Q

other things a/w a ib

A

obesity
hyperthyroid/DM
EtOH
druuuuuuuugs

238
Q

ASA tox

A

tinnitus
fever
tachypnea
GI

239
Q

ASA tox acid-base stuff

A

1st resp alkalosis

then anion gap metabolic acidosis

240
Q

arrest of active labor

A

no cervical change for > 4 hrs w/ adequate contractions

no cervical change for > 6 w/o adequate contractions

241
Q

crampy abdominal pain, alternating diarrhea and constipation

A

IBS (normal colonic mucosa)

242
Q

vital capacity in COPD

A

goes down

243
Q

tx: toxic megacolon

A

non-IBD: IVF, Abx, bowel rest

IBD: IV corticosteroids

244
Q

tx: common variable immunodeficiency

A

Igs

245
Q

paresthesia @ surgical site w/ gray discharge

A

necrotizing surgical site infection

246
Q

which microcytic anemia has an increased red cell distribution width

A

iron def

247
Q

lambert eaton and myasthenia: path

A

LE: voltage gated Ca channels
MG: Ach channels

248
Q

tx: PCN sensitive endocarditis

A

IV PCN or IV ceftriaxone

249
Q

cut foot on dock, hemorrhagic bullae

A

vibrio vulnificus

250
Q

path: NAFLD (NASH)

A

FFA: up transport in, cant oxidase in liver or don’t clear

usually related to peripheral insulin resistance

251
Q

diffuse telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, widespread AVMs

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

252
Q

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome complications

A

AVMs in lungs –> shunt –> hypoxemia –> polycythemia

253
Q

thyroid stuff with positive TPO

A

Hashimoto

painless thyroiditis

254
Q

withdrawal: hypersomnia, increased dreaming, hyperphagia

A

cocaine

255
Q

withdrawal: GI, yawning, mydriasis

A

heroin

256
Q

withdrawal: tremors, anxiety, psychosis

A

benzos

257
Q

withdrawal: seizures

A

EtOH

benzos

258
Q

withdrawal: anxiety, dysphoria, increased appetite

A

nicotine

259
Q

what do you do when you find gastric adenocarcinoma on EGD

A

CT to see how far it goes

260
Q

expansile and eccentric lytic appearance of bone on x ray

A

giant cell tumor (soap bubble)

261
Q

tx: DM neuropathy

A

gabapentin
amitriptyline
duloxetine (SNRI)

262
Q

patellofemoral compression test

A

extend knee while compress patella

pain –> patellofemoral syndrome

263
Q

earliest kidney change in DM pts

A

glomerular hyperfiltration (–> intraglomerular HTN)

264
Q

how do ACE-Is prevent DM nephropathy

A

reduce intraglomerular HTN

265
Q

microcytic anemia with hypochromic and normochromic RBCs

A

sideroblastic anemia

think B6 def (isoniazid)

266
Q

immune complications of endocarditis

A

+ Rh factor
immune complex GN
osler nodes

267
Q

herniation from epidural hematoma

A

uncal (transtentorial)

268
Q

possible CN compression in uncal herniation

A

oculomotor

269
Q

CA –> LE motor weakness, hyperreflexia, bladder dysfxn

A

think spinal cord compression

esp prostate, lung, breast, MM

270
Q

prolactin, LH and TSH levels in prolactinoma vs prolactin stim drugs

A

prolactinoma: up prolactin, down LH (down GnRH from feedback from prolactin), normal TSH
drugs: only prolactin up

271
Q

PTU AEs

A

agranulocytosis (look for fever/sore throat)

272
Q

tumor: limitation of upward gaze, eyelid retraction, argyll robertson pupils

A

pineal gland tumor (Parinaud syndrome)

273
Q

tumor: opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (dancing eyes and feet)

A

neuroblastomas

274
Q

workup: secondary amenorrhea

A
  1. beta hCG
  2. prior uterine procedure? –> hysteroscopy
  3. check prolactin, TSH, FSH
    - up prolactin –> brain MRI
    - up TSH –> hypothyroid
    - up FSH –> premature ovarian failure
275
Q

risks of parenteral nutrition

A

central line associated bloodstream infection

cholelithiasis (> 2 wks)

276
Q

TB effusion things

A

> 4 protein
lymphocytic WBCs
LDH > 500
(+ < 60 glucose and low pH like all infection things)

277
Q

empyema effusion things

A

neutrophilic WBCs (and super high, > 50,000)

278
Q

headaches that are worse when leaning forward

A

think about superior vena cava syndrome

279
Q

how to reduce aspiration risks

A 
raise head in bed
diet modification
jejunal feedings (not NG)
280
Q

Ca levels in malignancy vs hyperparathyroidism

A

apparently its way higher in malignancy (PTrH)

281
Q

complications post Roux-en-Y

A
  • gallstones from quick weight loss (you can ppx with ursodeoxycholic acid)
  • dumping syndrome
282
Q

cause: dysmorphic RBCs

A

glomerular

283
Q

how do you know if it’s SBP

A

cell count x % neuts

> 250 = SBP

284
Q

when do you defibrillate instead of cardiovert

A

Vfib

285
Q

twist your knee what do you break

A

meniscus

286
Q

sickle cell sepsis orgs

A

strep pneumo

H flu

287
Q

tx: EPS things

A

dystonia: diphenhydramine or benztropine
akathisia: propranolol, benzos, or benztropine
parkinson: diphenhydramine or benztropine
NMS: dantrolene or bromocriptine

288
Q

which way does ASD shunt

A

left to right

289
Q

fragile x a/w

A

autistic behavior

290
Q

MC orgs: septic arthritis

A

no IVDA: staph aureus

IVDA: pseudomonas, E. coli

291
Q

NG mech

A

venodilation

292
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

anemia
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia
(hypercellular marrow)

293
Q

impetigo complication

A

GN (not rheumatic fever)

294
Q

where do the ketones come from in DKA

A

fatty acid breakdown in the liver

295
Q

when do you add dextrose to insulin drip in DKA

A

when glucose < 250

296
Q

complication of hereditary spherocytosis

A

bilirubin gallstones

297
Q

tocolytics

A

< 32 wks: indomethacin

32 - 34 wks: nifedipine

298
Q

tx: raynaud’s

A

CCB (nifedipine)

299
Q

kidneys in status epilepticus

A

status –> rhabdo (blood on dipstick)

300
Q

OCPs down risk of what CA

A

ovarian

endometrial

301
Q

cardiac in edward’s syndrome

A

VSD

302
Q

splinter hemorrhages

A

endocarditis

trichinellosis, apparently

303
Q

fluids: sepsis

A

normal saline

304
Q

talk through hormones in irregular teen periods

A

not enough GnRH –> less GSH/LH –> not really ovulating

305
Q

chronic cough things to treat first

A

ACE –> stoppit
post nasal drip (upper airway cough syndrome) –> H1 blocker
asthma –> PFTs
GERD –> PPI

306
Q

firm, mobile skin bump with central punctum

A

epidermal inclusion cyst

Step 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions