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USMLE Step 2 > Uworld 2 > Flashcards

Uworld 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

HPV puts you at risk for which pathologic type of cancer? DES puts your at risk for whch type?

A

HPV= squamous cell of vag/ cervix

DES= clear cell adeno

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2
Q

what is the MOST COMMON predisposing factor to orbital cellulitis

A

bacterial sinusitis

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3
Q

if you see erythema mirgans do you do lymes seroglogies?

A

no, just treat with doxy if over 8yo and not pregnant

do serologies in late disseminated dz that is less clear

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4
Q

Dressler’s

A

post MI pericarditis

  • tx with NSAIDS
  • steroids if refractory of CI to NSAIDS
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5
Q

fecaluria and pneumaturia are signs of?

A

colovesical fistula. Look for someone with chrons, recent acute diverticulitis or malignancy

evaluate with ORAL contrast

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6
Q

when do you use parent management training?

A

conduct disorder (also CBT, family training)

> 18 with conduct do BEFORE 15 = antisocial

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7
Q

Sturge Weber dx

A

port wine stain in V1/V2 correlates with leptomeningial avm –> Dx is done with MRI with contrast

Other common findings:

  • cognitive delay
  • seizures
  • glaucoma
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8
Q

gastroschisis is assoc with first trimester use of what drug?

A

NSAIDs

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9
Q

greatest complication in males with CF?

A

infertility due to congenital absence of vas

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10
Q

stasis dermatitis is a product of…. It typically involves…

A

valve insufficiency aka venous hypertension

(inc pressure frm stasis damages capillaries, allows erythrocytes into tissues, hemosiderin deposition causes color change)

It involves medial malleous to right below knee

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11
Q

size cut off for biopsying melanoma?

A

6mm –> excisional bx with 1-3 mm margins to start

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12
Q

differentiate hypothyroid myopathy from polymyositis

A

hypothyroid= myaglias + abnl reflexes (but don’t be fooled, they don’t always have abnl reflex. If other signs point to hyperthyroidism, take them)

polymyositis does not have those features. Both can have symmetric proximal muscle weakness, elevated CK, ESR

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13
Q

number for acute oliguria

A

<250cc in 12 hours (

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14
Q

rash in lamotrogine

A

10% get benign rash, but should d/c to prevent progression to SJS/TENS

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15
Q

tamoxifen

A

AGONST at breast and bone

ANTAGONIST at uterus –> endometrial polyps in premenopasual, endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal

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16
Q

t/f: OCPs can cause HTN?

A

true?

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17
Q

hypotension after epidural?

A

sympathetic nerves that do vasomotor tone blocked –> causes vasodilation and pooling in lower extremities

**give lots of fluid before hand!

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18
Q

uterine fibroids associated with recurrent pregnancy loss?

A

submucosal and intracavitary

subserosal is outside the uterus

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19
Q

therapuetic Mg concentrations for Pre E? When does it become toxic? What is the first sign

A

5-8
>8= toxic
first sign = delayed reflexes –> HA, lethargy –> respiratory failure –> coma

20
Q

adverse effects of oxytocin

A

Oxytocin is similar to ASH –> as such, infusions can cause HYPONATREMIA –> seizures

can als cause hypotension and tachysystole

21
Q

NAAT comes up positive for chlamydia and negative for gonnorrhea. How do you treat?

A

azithromycin only!

but you treat with both if its gonorrhea +

22
Q

two sample t test for….

chi square for…

A

t test= two means
chi square= categorized outcomes (think of a 2x2 table where even though there are only tw variables, there are 4 combinations)

23
Q

what is the murmur involved with tricuspid valve endocarditis

A

holoSYSTOLIC tricuspid regurg that increases on inspiration

24
Q

“mid diastolic sound”

A

pericardial knock –> ventricles expanding against restrictive pericardium

25
Q

Next step after non reactive non stress test?

A

BPP or Contraction stress test

CI to CST= placenta previa, prior mymectomy

26
Q

most common presentations of CP and greatest risk factor

A

Presentation: spastic paraplegia in lower extremities with downward pointing toes (equinovarus deformity)

Risk: premie <32 weeks

27
Q

prolactinoma vs nonfunctioning adenoma vs antpsychotic med

A

Antipsychotic will ONLY effect PRL

Prloactinoma will have high PRL (ie > 200)

Non functioning adenoma likely has CENTRAL hypothyroid (low TSH and T4), low test, high Prl

28
Q

After low uptake RAIU scan, how can you distinguish if this is preformed (thyroiditis) vs exogenous

A

Thyroglobulin!

High thyroglobulin= endogenous

29
Q

elevated alpha subunit:TSH ration suggests?

A

pituitary adenoma

TSH, LH, FSH, bHCG share common alpha subunit

30
Q

whats the parkinsons gate

A

short, narrow, shuffling

31
Q

congenital hypothyroidism

A

infants appear normal at birth but then develop: apathy, weakness, large tongue, abdominal movement, umbilical hernia, jaundice

SCreen at birth!

32
Q

why labetalol (or esmolol) for acute aortic dissection?

A

decrease BP and reduce LV contractility (reduces wall stress)

(hydral and nitrprusside can cause paradoxical rise in HR/ contractility)

33
Q

t/f: primary hyperPTH can cause htn

A

true, but unclear way. maybe associated with MEN

34
Q

nephrolithiasis in sarcoid

A

granulomas produces 1a-OH–> inc vit D –> inc calcium –> inc calcium in urine

35
Q

presentation of CMV retinitis vs HSV/VZV

A

CMV= painless, does not hvae associated conjunctivitis, fluffy lesions with retinal hemorhages on exam

HSV/VZV= rapidly progressive conjunctivitis/kerititis/uveitis . Fundoscopic exam shows pale areas with central retinal necrosis

36
Q

decreased activity/poor feeding in neonate

A

always have sepsis high!!

  • can be hyper/hypothermic
  • can have jaundice
37
Q

care recommendation forplacenta previa

A

pelvic rest

-no sex, no cervical exams, no vaginal delivery

38
Q

HepC in pregnancy

A

vax against HepB/HepA (safe)

breast feeding is safe

39
Q

avascular necrosis of hip

A
  • pain on weight bearing/ hip abduction/ internal rotation
  • pain in groin, thigh, butt that’s worse with activity
  • no CXR findings early, no ESR

MRI is best test!

common in SLE+ long term steroid use

40
Q

HIV prophylaxis in CD4<50

A

azithromycin for MAC

TMP-SMX=

  • PCP <200
  • Toxo <100
41
Q

physiologic tremor is one that…

A

you can’t see at rest, very low freq

can acutely onset/worsen with triggers like coffee, anxiety, thyroid

42
Q

two biggest risks for RDS of newborn

A

maternal diabetes and premie

43
Q

valgus stress=

A

MCL

44
Q

urge incontinence tx

A

detrusor over activity –> after bladder training and kegles, use anticholinergic like OXYBUTININ

45
Q

tx for AIHA

A

high dose steroids

46
Q

SGA most likely to cause prolactin sx and infertility?

A

risperdal

47
Q

how to treat flash pulm edema in MI

A

furosemide

**do not BB in bradycardia/acute decmpensated heart failure

USMLE Step 2 (18 decks)

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