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USMLE Step 2 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

first line PBC

A

urso

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2
Q

complication of CT cyst drainage in echinnococcus

A

anaphylaxis! cyst contents are very antigenic

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3
Q

kernitcerus presents with:

A

hypotonia
seizures
choreoathetosis
hearing loss

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4
Q

when is jaundice pathologic?

A
  • on first day of life
  • bilirubin rises >5mg/day
  • bili > 19.5 in a term baby
  • hyperbilirubinemia (>2) after 2 weeks of life
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5
Q

recurrent aspiration PNA in newborn babe

A

TEF –> food traveling to lungs

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6
Q

most common TEF

A

EA with dital TEF

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7
Q

radiographic sign seen in pyloric steonsis?

What is the best test?

A

string sign with barium swallow

best FIRST test= US
best dx test= upper GI series

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8
Q

CHARGE syndrome

A 
C= coloboma of eye, CNS
H=heart defects
A= atresia (choanal)
R= retarded development
G= genital/ urinary defects, hypogonadism
E= ear anomolies, deafness
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9
Q

presentation of intussusception

A

currant jelly stool
sausage mass
bilious vomiting

assoc with HSP

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10
Q

norovirus incubation

A

12-48hours
fecal oral
watery diarrhea, vomiting

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11
Q

dx of lactose intolerance?

A

hydrogen breath test –> will have inc hydrogen

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12
Q

bowel surgery in chrons?

A

remember to do as many BOWEL SAVING procedures as possible

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13
Q

extraintestinal manifestations of celiac

A

skin: dermatitis herpetiformis
neuro: peripheral neuropathy
gyn: intertility

obvs other autoimmune things

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14
Q

if you suspect celiac but TTG is neg/ dec IGa, what shold you test?

A

IgG for gliadin

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15
Q

fever, jaundice, pale stools, dark urine, n/v in someone who recently traveled to third world country

A

Hep A

***anicteric manifestations in children

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16
Q

w/u of suspected borheave’s when hemodynamically stable vs unstable

A

stable: gastrographin
unstable: CT

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17
Q

when is barium CI?

A

when you have any supicion of esophageal perf –> causes mediastinitis

18
Q

pneumotosis intestinalis

A

NEC! premature infant

if bad, will see metabolic acidosis

19
Q

manifestations of whipples?

A 
diarrhea
arthralgias
neuro changes
valve insufficiency
hyperpigmentation

+PAS macs in lamino proprio

tx with IV ceftriaxone

20
Q

if you had to pick one, first line for c. diff colitis?

A

oral metro (cheaper than vanc)

21
Q

staph food poisoning incubation vs salmonella

A

1-3 hours v 1-3 days (+bloody)

22
Q

esophageal varices proph?

A

propanolol + banding q1-2 weeks

if above fails, placement of TIPS

23
Q

flushing, wheezing, R sided heart abnormalities in setting of diarrhea

A

carcinoid
dx= 5HIAA
tx= octreotide

24
Q

pyogenic liver abcess

A

bugs: e. coli, klebs most common

people with galbladder dz at risk

25
Q

oral thrush with odynphagia and dysphagia in HIV patient?

A

tx for esophagitis as well –> fluconozole

26
Q

sialidentitis

A

acute infx of parotid gland

  • elderly, post of patient or ICU patient
  • prevent with hydration and oral hygeine
  • bug= Staph A
  • tx with naf, metro, clinday
27
Q

anti core vs HbeAg

A

core ab means chronic infx, envelope means new or reactivated

***envelope actively sheds during replication of active cirus

28
Q

tx for chronic heb b

A

INF a

if patient is immunosuppressed or has autoimmune disease, use something like tenofavir

29
Q

most common lead point for children with repetitive intussception?

A

meckel’s

intususception will show concentric rings of bowel on tranverse section

30
Q

most common cause of diarreal illness in kids?

A

rotavirus

can be detected by stool ELISA

31
Q

palpable mass on DRE/ LLQ in acute diverticulosis?

A

yes, suggests pericolonic inflammation. It’s a thingk.

32
Q

diagnostic/ treatment step in GI bleed that is hemodynamically unstable, not responding to resusutative efforts and hasn’t yet been localized?

A

angiography

33
Q

how do you w/u a gastrinoma?

A

first, check fasting gastrin levels

if high (>1000) and low pH= gastrinoma
if between 100-1000, do sectretin stim (secretin --| gastrin)

**associated with MEN1

34
Q

treatment of MALToma

A

1st: erradicate h pylori
2nd: chemo/ rad if that fails

35
Q

acid fast oocytes in diarrhea of HIV patient

A

cryptosporidium

36
Q

how do you tx toxic megacolon?

A

conservatively
bowel rest, correct lytes
abx if from c diff

at risk of perf.

37
Q

antismooth muscle ab

A

autoimmune hepatitis

don’t forget about this as a cause for cirhosis!!

38
Q

non caseating granulomas with neutrophils in the crypts in a 60 yo man

A

chrons

bimodal age dist!!

39
Q

ADEK deficiency in ZES?

A

ZES decreases pH –> pan lipases require an alkaline environment to emulsify fat –> impaired absorption

E defi- can manifest as gait disturbance

40
Q

melanosis coli

A

pigmentation of colonic mucosa from laxative abuse

look for a patient with a psych histroy and many episdoes of watery diarrhea during the day and night .

elevated Mg can be sign of abuse

41
Q

breast feeding failure jaundice

A
  • first week of life
  • infrequent volume of feeds causes slow transit time, GI tract reabsorbs bili

<10% of bili is conjugated because gut only resorbs unconjugated bili

***breast milk jaundice will present at 1-2 weeks

42
Q

psoas sign

A

pain with hip extension

  • usefull in PSOAS ABCESS= subacute, low grade fever
  • retrocecal appy

USMLE Step 2 (18 decks)

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