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UW17 Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular lesion with IgA and C3 deposition

A

HSP

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2
Q

Henoch Schonlein purpura

A

Palpable purpura, arthralgia, GI pain. IgA and C3 deposition. Associated with IgA nephropathy

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3
Q

saddle nose, oligouria

A

Wegener’s (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

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4
Q

Weak upper extremity pulses, fever, night sweats, arthritis, myalgia

A

Takayasu arteritis

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5
Q

Headache, blurred vision, jaw cladicaton

A

Temporal giant cell arteritis. Associated with polymyalgia rheumatica

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6
Q

IFN-y is secreted by

A

Secreted by TH1 cells

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7
Q

IL-12 is secreted by

A

macrophages which induce T cell differentiation into Th1

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8
Q

pyknotic superficial or immature squamous cell with dense irregularly staining cytoplasm and perinuclear clearing

A

Koilocyte

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9
Q

total resistance in organ

A

R(artery+arteriole+capillary+venule+vein)

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10
Q

resistance in a parallel circuit

A

1/Rn

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11
Q

Nitroprusside

A

venous and arterial vasodilator. Decreases preload and afterload without a reduction in stroke volume

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12
Q

Which artery supplies the inferior wall of the left ventricle (diaphragmatic surface)

A

Posterior descending (RCA)

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13
Q

histological findings in Hashimoto

A

Mononuclear infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells with germinal centers. Oxyphilic cells with granular cytoplasm (Hurthle cells)

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14
Q

branching papillary structures with concentric calcifications in thyroid. Ground glass nucleus with intranuclear grooving

A

papillary thyroid cancer

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15
Q

Mixed, cellular infiltration with occasional multinuclear cells in thyroid

A

de Quervain’s

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16
Q

Extensive fibrosis of thyroid gland extending into surrounding structures

A

Riedel’s thyroiditis

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17
Q

Cleft lip is a failure fusion of what structures?

A

Maxillary prominences with the intermaxillary segment

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18
Q

Cleft palate is a failure of fusion of what structures

A

Maxillary prominence failure to fuse with one another or with the primary palate

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19
Q

Why does folate deficiency cause megalobastic anemia?

A

decreased dTMP production ( requires THF to donate a methyl group)

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20
Q

What else do you can you add to folate to treat megaloblastic anemia

A

Thymidine (increase dTMP) via thymidine kinase to make dTMP

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21
Q

Accumulation of transudative fluid can be due to what mechanisms

A

Increase capillary hydrostatic pressure (increase arteriolar dilation or impaired venous return). Decreased plasma oncotic pressure (decreased albumin). Sodium and water retention. Lymphatic obstruction (invasive malignancy)

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22
Q

How does inspiration affect venous return?

A

Increases venous return which increases right heart volumes

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23
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus

A

increased volume from inspiration pushes septum towards left to derease left heart volumes causing a decrease in BP during inspiration. Decrease in systolic BP greater than 10 with inspiration. Suggests cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

Killed vaccines

A

cholera, hepA, Salk Polio, IM influenza, rabies

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25
Live attenuated
MMR, Sabin Polio,yellow fever
26
Toxoid vaccine
Diptheria and tetanus
27
Recombinant surface protein vaccine
Hep B vaccine
28
Drugs used for secretory diarrhea
Bismuth subsalicylate, probiotics, octreotide
29
Rhonchi, wheezing indicate
turbulent airflow due to obstruction
30
Hernia that enters internal inguinal ring lateral to inferior epigastric vessels.
Indirect inguinal ( failure of inguinal ring to close seen in infants)
31
Hernia that bulges through Hesselbach's triangle, medial to inferior epigastric vessels
direct inguinal (caused by weakness of transversalis fascia) older men
32
Protrudes through femoral ring medial to femoral vessels inferior to inguinal ligament
Femoral hernia seen often in women
33
Biochemical abnormality in Alzheimer
Decreased acetylcholine levels in basal nucleus of Meynert (memory and cognition) due to decrease activity of choline acetyltransferases
34
Atrophy of caudate nucleus
Huntinton due to depleteltion of NMDA receptors in striatum
35
Located in caudal pontine central gray matter and contains large amounts of NE
Locus Ceruleus
36
Raphe nuclei
Serotonergic neurons (play a role in depression, sleep, anorexia)
37
Epithelium of ovary
Simple cuboidal ( serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, Brenner tumors)
38
Epithelium of fallopian tube
Simple columnar (cilated cells and Peg cells that secrete nutrients)
39
Epithelium of Uterus
Simple columnar (endometrial CA)
40
Epithelium of Cervix
Simple columnar (endocervix) ad Stratified squamous (ectocervix) (condyloma acuminata, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma)
41
Epithelium of vagina
Stratified squamous non-keratinized (squamous cell CA)
42
Sterile vegetations along cardiac valve cusps
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
43
What cancers are non-bacterial endocarditis associated with
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of pancreas and lung ( pro-coagulant effect of circulating mucin)
44
Trousseau syndrome
migratory thrombophebitis (tumor associated release of procoagulants) seen in disseminated cancers
45
what is lambert eaton syndrome
Decreased presynaptic ach release (seen in oat cell carcinoma)
46
Pyruvate kinase
converts PEP to pyruvate
47
Cerebellar ataxia,blanching nests of distended capillaries, increased risk of infections
Ataxia telangiectasia (AR mutation in ATM gene responsible for DNA repair)
48
what arteries perfuse the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Left and right gastric
49
which arteries supply blood to the pylorus and proximal part of duodenum
GDA
50
surface marker useful for diagnosing Hodgkin lymphoma
CD 15 Reed sternberg cell
51
low immunoglobulin of all types
XLA
52
what is the bezold Jarisch reflex
increase in vagal discharge leads to hypotension and bradycardia
53
what is a potential limiting factor when initiating ACE inhibitors
first dose hypotension ( hyponatremia, hypovolemia, blow blood glucose, high renin or aldosterone levels, renal impairment or heart failure)
54
Chronic abdominal pain with diarrhea or constipation. Relieved with bowel movements
Irritable bowel Syndrome
55
Ciliated mucosal epithelium
up to proximal portal of respiratory bronchioles
56
Globlet cells entend to
end of bronchi
57
Hemolytic, hypercoagulabiity, pancytopenia
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
58
What is deficient in paroxysmal noctunral hemoglobinuria
CD55 and CD59 (proteins that inactivate complement and prevent membrane attach complex from forming)
59
What nerve mediates somatic sensation (pain, touch, pressure) from the tongue
Lingual nerve (V3)
60
site of synthesis and assembly of ribosomal components
Nucleolus. All rRNA is (except 5S rRNA is transcribed in nuceolus)
61
Verapamil
Class IV antiarrhythmic to treat atrial arrythmia by slowing conduction through AV node (SVT)
62
Adenosine
acute treatment of paroxysmal SVT
63
Digoxin
A-fib
64
Standard deviation
68/95/999
65
Mechanism of action of corticosteroids as anti-inflammatory
inhibit phospholipase A2
66
Risk factors for coronary heart disease
noncoronary atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease
67
lens subluxation, elongated limbs, scoliosis, osteoporosis, risk for thrombosis
Homocystinuria ( deficiency of cystathionine synthetase) that requires B6 as cofactor
68
at what level does the renal vein join the IVC
L1/L2
69
At what level does the common iliac vein merge to become the IVC
L4
70
what is the mechanism of opioid tolerance
increased adenylyl cyclase or NO levels. NMDA receptor activation can cause increased phosphorylation that leads to increased NO (increase morphine tolerance)
71
TdT positive, CD 10 and CD19 positive
B-ALL
72
TdT, CD1a positive
T-ALL
73
CD5 and CD19 positive
Mature B cell (CLL)
74
Risk factor for atherosclerosis and hypertension
Diabetes
75
Risk factor aortic aneuryms
High cholesterol
76
Risk factor for Thromboangiitis obliterans
smoking ( buerger disease)
77
Factors that affect diffusion
directly proportional to concentration difference, surface area, solubility. Inversely to thickness and molecular weight

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