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zz - step 4 - uworld > UW17 > Flashcards

UW17 Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular lesion with IgA and C3 deposition

A

HSP

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2
Q

Henoch Schonlein purpura

A

Palpable purpura, arthralgia, GI pain. IgA and C3 deposition. Associated with IgA nephropathy

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3
Q

saddle nose, oligouria

A

Wegener’s (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

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4
Q

Weak upper extremity pulses, fever, night sweats, arthritis, myalgia

A

Takayasu arteritis

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5
Q

Headache, blurred vision, jaw cladicaton

A

Temporal giant cell arteritis. Associated with polymyalgia rheumatica

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6
Q

IFN-y is secreted by

A

Secreted by TH1 cells

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7
Q

IL-12 is secreted by

A

macrophages which induce T cell differentiation into Th1

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8
Q

pyknotic superficial or immature squamous cell with dense irregularly staining cytoplasm and perinuclear clearing

A

Koilocyte

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9
Q

total resistance in organ

A

R(artery+arteriole+capillary+venule+vein)

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10
Q

resistance in a parallel circuit

A

1/Rn

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11
Q

Nitroprusside

A

venous and arterial vasodilator. Decreases preload and afterload without a reduction in stroke volume

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12
Q

Which artery supplies the inferior wall of the left ventricle (diaphragmatic surface)

A

Posterior descending (RCA)

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13
Q

histological findings in Hashimoto

A

Mononuclear infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells with germinal centers. Oxyphilic cells with granular cytoplasm (Hurthle cells)

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14
Q

branching papillary structures with concentric calcifications in thyroid. Ground glass nucleus with intranuclear grooving

A

papillary thyroid cancer

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15
Q

Mixed, cellular infiltration with occasional multinuclear cells in thyroid

A

de Quervain’s

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16
Q

Extensive fibrosis of thyroid gland extending into surrounding structures

A

Riedel’s thyroiditis

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17
Q

Cleft lip is a failure fusion of what structures?

A

Maxillary prominences with the intermaxillary segment

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18
Q

Cleft palate is a failure of fusion of what structures

A

Maxillary prominence failure to fuse with one another or with the primary palate

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19
Q

Why does folate deficiency cause megalobastic anemia?

A

decreased dTMP production ( requires THF to donate a methyl group)

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20
Q

What else do you can you add to folate to treat megaloblastic anemia

A

Thymidine (increase dTMP) via thymidine kinase to make dTMP

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21
Q

Accumulation of transudative fluid can be due to what mechanisms

A

Increase capillary hydrostatic pressure (increase arteriolar dilation or impaired venous return). Decreased plasma oncotic pressure (decreased albumin). Sodium and water retention. Lymphatic obstruction (invasive malignancy)

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22
Q

How does inspiration affect venous return?

A

Increases venous return which increases right heart volumes

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23
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus

A

increased volume from inspiration pushes septum towards left to derease left heart volumes causing a decrease in BP during inspiration. Decrease in systolic BP greater than 10 with inspiration. Suggests cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

Killed vaccines

A

cholera, hepA, Salk Polio, IM influenza, rabies

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25
Q

Live attenuated

A

MMR, Sabin Polio,yellow fever

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26
Q

Toxoid vaccine

A

Diptheria and tetanus

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27
Q

Recombinant surface protein vaccine

A

Hep B vaccine

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28
Q

Drugs used for secretory diarrhea

A

Bismuth subsalicylate, probiotics, octreotide

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29
Q

Rhonchi, wheezing indicate

A

turbulent airflow due to obstruction

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30
Q

Hernia that enters internal inguinal ring lateral to inferior epigastric vessels.

A

Indirect inguinal ( failure of inguinal ring to close seen in infants)

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31
Q

Hernia that bulges through Hesselbach’s triangle, medial to inferior epigastric vessels

A

direct inguinal (caused by weakness of transversalis fascia) older men

32
Q

Protrudes through femoral ring medial to femoral vessels inferior to inguinal ligament

A

Femoral hernia seen often in women

33
Q

Biochemical abnormality in Alzheimer

A

Decreased acetylcholine levels in basal nucleus of Meynert (memory and cognition) due to decrease activity of choline acetyltransferases

34
Q

Atrophy of caudate nucleus

A

Huntinton due to depleteltion of NMDA receptors in striatum

35
Q

Located in caudal pontine central gray matter and contains large amounts of NE

A

Locus Ceruleus

36
Q

Raphe nuclei

A

Serotonergic neurons (play a role in depression, sleep, anorexia)

37
Q

Epithelium of ovary

A

Simple cuboidal ( serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, Brenner tumors)

38
Q

Epithelium of fallopian tube

A

Simple columnar (cilated cells and Peg cells that secrete nutrients)

39
Q

Epithelium of Uterus

A

Simple columnar (endometrial CA)

40
Q

Epithelium of Cervix

A

Simple columnar (endocervix) ad Stratified squamous (ectocervix) (condyloma acuminata, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma)

41
Q

Epithelium of vagina

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized (squamous cell CA)

42
Q

Sterile vegetations along cardiac valve cusps

A

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

43
Q

What cancers are non-bacterial endocarditis associated with

A

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of pancreas and lung ( pro-coagulant effect of circulating mucin)

44
Q

Trousseau syndrome

A

migratory thrombophebitis (tumor associated release of procoagulants) seen in disseminated cancers

45
Q

what is lambert eaton syndrome

A

Decreased presynaptic ach release (seen in oat cell carcinoma)

46
Q

Pyruvate kinase

A

converts PEP to pyruvate

47
Q

Cerebellar ataxia,blanching nests of distended capillaries, increased risk of infections

A

Ataxia telangiectasia (AR mutation in ATM gene responsible for DNA repair)

48
Q

what arteries perfuse the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Left and right gastric

49
Q

which arteries supply blood to the pylorus and proximal part of duodenum

A

GDA

50
Q

surface marker useful for diagnosing Hodgkin lymphoma

A

CD 15 Reed sternberg cell

51
Q

low immunoglobulin of all types

A

XLA

52
Q

what is the bezold Jarisch reflex

A

increase in vagal discharge leads to hypotension and bradycardia

53
Q

what is a potential limiting factor when initiating ACE inhibitors

A

first dose hypotension ( hyponatremia, hypovolemia, blow blood glucose, high renin or aldosterone levels, renal impairment or heart failure)

54
Q

Chronic abdominal pain with diarrhea or constipation. Relieved with bowel movements

A

Irritable bowel Syndrome

55
Q

Ciliated mucosal epithelium

A

up to proximal portal of respiratory bronchioles

56
Q

Globlet cells entend to

A

end of bronchi

57
Q

Hemolytic, hypercoagulabiity, pancytopenia

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

58
Q

What is deficient in paroxysmal noctunral hemoglobinuria

A

CD55 and CD59 (proteins that inactivate complement and prevent membrane attach complex from forming)

59
Q

What nerve mediates somatic sensation (pain, touch, pressure) from the tongue

A

Lingual nerve (V3)

60
Q

site of synthesis and assembly of ribosomal components

A

Nucleolus. All rRNA is (except 5S rRNA is transcribed in nuceolus)

61
Q

Verapamil

A

Class IV antiarrhythmic to treat atrial arrythmia by slowing conduction through AV node (SVT)

62
Q

Adenosine

A

acute treatment of paroxysmal SVT

63
Q

Digoxin

A

A-fib

64
Q

Standard deviation

A

68/95/999

65
Q

Mechanism of action of corticosteroids as anti-inflammatory

A

inhibit phospholipase A2

66
Q

Risk factors for coronary heart disease

A

noncoronary atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease

67
Q

lens subluxation, elongated limbs, scoliosis, osteoporosis, risk for thrombosis

A

Homocystinuria ( deficiency of cystathionine synthetase) that requires B6 as cofactor

68
Q

at what level does the renal vein join the IVC

A

L1/L2

69
Q

At what level does the common iliac vein merge to become the IVC

A

L4

70
Q

what is the mechanism of opioid tolerance

A

increased adenylyl cyclase or NO levels. NMDA receptor activation can cause increased phosphorylation that leads to increased NO (increase morphine tolerance)

71
Q

TdT positive, CD 10 and CD19 positive

A

B-ALL

72
Q

TdT, CD1a positive

A

T-ALL

73
Q

CD5 and CD19 positive

A

Mature B cell (CLL)

74
Q

Risk factor for atherosclerosis and hypertension

A

Diabetes

75
Q

Risk factor aortic aneuryms

A

High cholesterol

76
Q

Risk factor for Thromboangiitis obliterans

A

smoking ( buerger disease)

77
Q

Factors that affect diffusion

A

directly proportional to concentration difference, surface area, solubility. Inversely to thickness and molecular weight

zz - step 4 - uworld (18 decks)

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