UW14 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

New borns of mothers with active Hep B require what vaccinations?

Passive Hep B Immune Globulin and active immunization with HBV vaccine

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Positive skew

Mean > Median > Mode

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Negative Skew

Mode > Median > Mean

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Polycythemia labs

Hct > 52% in Men and >48% women

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causes of relative polycythemia

Dehydration or excessive diuresis

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Polycythemia vera

Increased in hct and increase in all 3 cell lines (RBC, granulocytes, platelets)

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labs in hypoxia

SaO2

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Hirsutism

Excessive mae pattern hair growth. Due to inreased androgen production, local increased conversion of Testosterone to DHT or higher sensitivity of hair follicles to DHT

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Causes of increased androgen production in women

Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Cushing syndrome, Ovarian and adrenal tumors

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First line treatment for PCOS

OCPS ( decrease LH to decrease androgen production)

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What does calcium from the SR bind to?

Troponin (moves tropomyosin out of the way) reveals myosin binding site on actin

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Replication of HBV

Partially dsDNA is repaired and serves as a template for trascription into an intermediate + sense ss RNA which then serves as a template for translation of viral proteins and reverse transcription into DNA

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Replication of ParvoB19

ssDNA –> dsDNA –> ssDNA progeny

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Replication of HSV

dsDNA –> dsDNA –> dsDNA progeny

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Replication of polio

ssRNA+ –> -RNA template –>+RNA progeny

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Replication of HIV

ssRNA + –> dsDNA template –> ssRNA progeny

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Replication of influenza

ss RNA - –> +RNA template –> ssRNA progeny

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Motor innervation of the tongue

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

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Sensory innervation of tongue

Anterior 2/3: Mandibular (V3). Posterior 1/3 (Glossopharyngeal CN9). Tongue Root (Vagus CN10)

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Taste sensation of tongue

Anterior 2/3: Chorda tympani (7). Posterior 1/3: Glossopharyngeal (9) Root: Vagus (10)

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Which type of RNA contain dihydrouracil residues

Transfer RNA (D arm)

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Thymide pseudouridine and cytidine is contained in what type of RNA

Transfer RNA (T arm)

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tRNA is the only RNA species to contain what nucleoside?

Thymidine

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tRNAs contain what sequence at their 3’ end?

CCA

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what type of RNA contains a poly A tail and 5' methylguanosine cap?

mRNA

what is the function of the 3'CCA region of tRNA

carries amino acid

low set ears, overlapping fingers, small mandible, foot deformity

Edwards (Trisomy 18)

cleft lip and palate, polydactylyl, omphalocele

Patau (Trisomy 13)

which vitamin D is formed during sun exposure

Cholecalciferol (D3)

labs in primary hyperparathyroidism

high ca, low phosphate, hypercalceuria

Subperiosteal erosins in phalanges, salt and pepper skull and osteolytic lesions in long bones

Hyperparathyroidism ( subperiosteal thinning)

bone pain, renal stones, peptic ulcers

hypercalcemia

Disorganized lamellar bone structure

Paget

Osteoid matrix accumulation around trabeculae

Vitamin D deficiency

Persistence of primary spongiosa in medullary cavity with no mature trabeculae

Osteopetrosis (marble bone disease)

Side effects of TCA

Convulsions, Coma, cardiotoxicity. Anti- muscarinic effects. (inhibition of presynaptic neurotransmitter, block Cardic Na channels, block histamine H1 receptors)

what are TCAs used for?

Major depression, fibromyalgia (amytriptyline), OCD (Clomipramine)

First generation H1 blockers

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine (en + ine/ate)

Second generation H2 Blockers

Loratidine, fexofenadine, desloratidine, cetirizine (Ends in "adine")

Flucytosine

converted by fungal cytosine deaminase to 5FU for treatment of cryptococcal infections (with amphotericin B)

What causes the outflow obstruction in HCM

Mitral valve cusp and interventricular septum

Intimal streak

earliest lesion of atherosclerosis (major cause of AAA)

Intimal tear

initiates dissecting aortic aneurysm

Medial degeneration

formation of elastic tissue and separation of elastic and fibromuscular components of the media. (Marfan)

Medial inflammation

results in arteritis

why does colchicine have GI side effects?

Impairs microtubules in GI mucosa causing diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdminal pain

Obesity, high estrogen, high androgens, infertility

PCOS

acne, hirsutism, male pattern balding, insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia

PCOS

Clomiphene citrate

Selective estrogen modulator. Prevents negative feedback inhibition by estrogen to increase FSH and LH--\> ovulation

high levels of serum IgE, peripheral eosinophilia, hx of allergic disorders

atopic dermatitis

Allergic triad

allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis

Burketts lymphoma is associated with what translocation

8:14. c-myc (transcription factor)

Follicular lymphoma is associated with which translocation

14;18. BCL2 (apotosis inhibitor)

CML is associated with which translocation

9:22. tyrosine kinase (c-abl)

Mantle cell lymphoma is associated with what translocation

11:14. cyclin D1 (promotes G1 to S)

Hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints, berry aneurysms

Ehlers Danlos (defect in lysyl hydroxylase leading to a deficiency in Collagen)

hyper elastic joints, tall, long arms

Marfans ( defect in fibrillin which normaly forms scaffolding for elastin)

which clotting factor has the shortest half life

Factor 7

why is PT prologed before PTT in liver cirrhosis

Factor 7 has the shortest half life

What neurotransmitter is decreased in Huntington

GABA

Side effect of metformin

Lactic acidosis

Contraindication for metformin

Liver dysfunction, congestive heart failure, alcoholism, sepsis ( d/t lactic acidosis)

Mothers who are blood type A or B make predominantly what type of antibodies

IgM

Mothers who are blood type O make predominantly what type of antibodies

IgG

important complication in Ulcerative colitis

Toxic megacolon

Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for the synthesis of what molecules

Tyrosine, dopa, serotonin, NO

ambiguous genitalia, hypertension, hypokalemia

11a OH deficiency

female with normal genitalia, hypertension and hypokalemia

17a OH deficiency

Undervirilized male with hypertension and hypokalemia

17a OH deficiency

How can testicular cancers cause increased sweating and heat intolerance?

increase in hCG can activate TSH receptor (shares similar homology)

Tendon xanthomas and xantheasma

Hyper-Cholesterolemia

Skin xanthoma, recurrent acute pancreatitis

Hyper-Triglyceridemia

Which familal dyslipidemia has an increased risk of coronary artery disease

Familial Hyper-Cholesterolemia (not in hyperTG)

Defect in familial chylomicronemia

Lipoprotein Lipase or ApoCII (inc. chylomicrons)

Defect in Family hypercholesterolemia

LDL receptor or ApoB100 (inc. LDL)

muscle weakness that improves with use and Hyporeflexia

Lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome

Gross painless hematuria

Urothelial cancer

Cryoprecipitate contains which clotting factors

8, 13, vWF, fibrinogen

Mechanism of Niacin in hyperlipidemia

decreases VLDL synthesis

Mechanism of statins

HMG coA reductase inhibitor ( decrease cholesterol synthesis which leads to increase in LDL uptake)

when is a result considered statistically significant

corresponding CI must NOT contain the null value (RR=1)

subdural hematoma with bilateral retinal hemorrhages in an infant

Shaken baby syndrome

Charcot Bouchard aneurysms can lead to

intraparachymal hemorrhage

ulcer in distal duodenum

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

PUD ulcers are located

lesser curvature

Typical duodenal ulcers are located

within 3 cm of the pylorus