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Infectious diseases > UW pediatrics > Flashcards

UW pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Preseptal vs orbital cellulitis regarding clinical features

A

preseptal: eylid erythema + swelling + chemosis (edema of conjuctiva)
orbital: same symptoms PLUS proptosis +/or opthaloplegia with diplopia

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2
Q

preseptal vs orbital cellulitis regarding treatment

A

preseptal: oral antibiotics
orbital: IV antibiotics +/- surgery

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3
Q

Herpangina vs herpetic gingivostomatitis regarding etiology / age / season

A

herpangina: Cox A, 3-10 years, summer/early fall
Herpetic: HSV1, 6months - 5 years, no season

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4
Q

herpangina vs herpetiv gingivostomatitis regarding clinical features / treatment

A
  1. herpangina: fever, pharyngitis, GRAY vesivles/ulcers on POSTERIOR oropharynx –> supportive management
  2. Herpetic: fever pharyngitis, erythematous gingiva, Clusters of small vesicles on ANTERIOR oropharynx and LIPS –> oral acyclovir
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5
Q

perinatal transmission of HCV - ways of transmission

A
  1. perinatal exposure to genital secretion (MC)
  2. transplacental (rare)
    NOT FROM BREASTFEEDING
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6
Q

impetigo - types and microbiology / treatment

A
  • non-bullous: S. aureus, S. pyogenes
  • boullou: S. aureus
    treatment: limited skin: topical antibiotics (mucirocin)
    extensive skin involvemnt: oral antibiotics (cephalexin, dicloxacillin, clindamycin)
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7
Q

rubella immunization during pregnancy

A

contraindicated

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8
Q

nonbulous impetigo - treatment

A

topical antibiotics (eg. mupirocin)

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9
Q

Rubella - clinical manifestations

A

children: fever, cephalocaudal spread of maculopapular rash (SPREADS IN 24 HOURS)
adolsescents/adults: same + arhtralgias/arthritis

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10
Q

how to diagnose measles instead of rubella

A

higher fever more than 40), rash ospread over multiple days, cervical lymphadenopathy rather than posterior auricular or suboccipital
NOT ARTHRITIS

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11
Q

congenital varicella is characterised by

A

limb hypoplasia, cataracts, distintive skin lesion (eg. scarring)

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12
Q

maternal - fetal transmission is more teratogenic during (time)

A

1st trimester

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13
Q

pertusis prophylaxis

A

all close contacts should be given a macrolide antibiotic REGARDLESS OF AGE, IMMUNISATION STATUS, OR SYMPTOMS

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14
Q

MCC of viral meningitis

A

non-polio enterovirus such as exchovirus and cox

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15
Q

Measles virus (rubeola) - clinical manifestation and treatment

A

prodrome (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, fever (more than 40), koplik spots)
maculopapular exanthem: cephalocaudal + centrifugal spread, spares palms and soles
treatmetn: supportive, vit A for hospitalized patients

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16
Q

retropharyngeal abcess - presentation

A

fever, dysphagua, inability to extend neck, muffled voic,

LATERAL X-RAY showing widened prevertbral space

17
Q

suspect of retropharyngeal abcess - next step

A

if no resp compromise –> CT scan

polymicrobial

18
Q

FIRST step in treatmetn of septic athrtitis

A

atrhocentesis

19
Q

complications of malaria in children vs adults

A

children: seizure, coma, hypoglycemia, met acidosis
adults: jaundice, acute renal failure, acute pulm edema

20
Q

protective factors for severe malaria

A
  1. SC trait

2. past history of malaria partial immunity

21
Q

Mump virus - etiology / presenation

A

paramyxovirus

presentation: fever and parotitis
complications: orchitis, aseptic meningitis, pancreatitis (can cause sterility esp after puberty

22
Q

sore throat - evidence for strep - evaluation

A

rapid strep test –> if positive treat it –> if negative make a throat culture –> if positive treat it, if negative is viral
unlike adults, in children must be confirm the strep before treat it
(MAKE ALWAYS TESTS BEFORE TREATMENT)

23
Q

Varicella infection - treatmetn / prognosis

A

prodrome (fever malaise)
maculopapular rash follwed by successive crops of vesicles
self limited

24
Q

varicella - prevention

A

2 doses of VZV (age 1 + 4 years old)

breakthrough are still possible, esp if only 1 dose

25
Q

eczema hepreticum

A

HSV on atopic dermatitis –> vesicular rash, fever, possible dissaminated virus

26
Q

Varicella post exposure prophylaxis

A

received 2 doses (1 + 4)?
yes –> observation
no –> vaccine if immunocompoment, IVIG if low immune
IF YOUNGER THAN 1 –> NOTHING

27
Q

MC source of rabies in US vs developing world

A

USA: bat
Developing: dogs

28
Q

exposure to rabies –>

A

vaccination + IVIG

29
Q

Scarlet fever - etiology clinical

A

S. pyogenes

Clinical: fever + pharyngitis, STRABERRY TONGUE, anterior cervical nodes, sanpaper rash

30
Q

IM –> acute airway obstruction ?

A

rare complication –> give corticosteroids

31
Q

pertusis in infnats under 6 months

A

life threatening death and apnea

32
Q

foodborne disease with vomiting predominant

A

Vomiting predominant: B. cereus, S. aureus, Norwalk

33
Q

empiric treatment for suscpetect meningitis

A

3rd generation ceph (eg. ceftriaxone) + vancomycin

34
Q

infectious complications of atopic dermatitis - types (and pathogens)

A
  1. impetigo (S. aureus, S pyogenes)
  2. Eczema herpeticum (HSV1)
  3. Molluscum contagiosum (Poxvirus)
  4. Tinea corporis (Trichphyton)
35
Q

HBV transmission to neonatal - ways

A

perinatal exposure to genital secretions (MC)

  1. Transplacental (rare)
  2. not by breastfeefing)
36
Q

prevention of early onset GBS infection inclide maternal screening - prevent sepsis?

A

NO

37
Q

difference in gonoc vs chlamydial conjuctiva exvcept the days

A
  • gonoco: marked eyelid swelling, profuse purulent discharge, corneal edema/ulceration
  • chlamydial: mild eyelid swelling watery serosanguineous or mucopurulent eye discharge
38
Q

pediatric septic arthritis - organisms and treatment

A
  • 0-3 momths:staph, agalacte, gram (-) bacilli): antistaphylococcal + GEentamicin or cefotamice
  • older than 33 months: staph, Strep pyogenus, strep pneumoneia: nafcillin, clindamycin, cefazolin or vancom
39
Q

clinical features of rabies

A
  1. encephalitic: hydrophobia, aerophobia, spastic paralysis of pharynx, agitation
  2. paralytic: ascending flaccid paralysis

Infectious diseases (13 decks)

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