Uvea - Week 2

Question 1

Where does the choroid begin?

Answer 1

Where the ciliary body ends

Question 2

What is the function of ciliary body?

Answer 2

To produce aqueous, which provides nutrition

Question 3

What is the pars plicata?

Answer 3

It surrounds the ciliary processes, responsible for aqueous humour production

Question 4

What do the pars plicata attach to?

Answer 4

To the lens via zonules

Question 5

What is the pars plana, and what does it merge with?What is the border of mergence called?

Answer 5

Connects to the pars plicata inward, and merges with the retina. The border of the pars plana and retina is called the ora serrata

Question 6

What is the ora serrata?

Answer 6

The border of the pars plana and retina

Question 7

How does the ciliary body appear on gonioscopy?

Answer 7

You can only see the anterior face of the ciliary body. It appears as a thin line

Question 8

What is the favoured site for surgical injection to the eye, and why?

Answer 8

Ora serrata, as it’s least likely to be injured

Question 9

Describe the ciliary process epithelium

Answer 9

It is double-layered. In contact with the aqueous humour

Question 10

Is the inner epithelium of the ciliary processes pigmented?

Answer 10

No, only the outer epithelium is

Question 11

Name the 3 zones of the ciliary body

Answer 11

• ciliary epithelium
• ciliary stroma
• ciliary muscle

Question 12

Where is the newly made aqueous humour released, and where does it go?

Answer 12

Released into the posterior chamber, and travels up, around the lens, and through the pupil, into the anterior chamber

Question 13

What is the inner (non-pigmented) layer of the epithelium of ciliary processes continuous with?

Answer 13

Neural retina

Question 14

What is the outer (pigmented) layer of the epithelium of ciliary processes continuous with?

Answer 14

RPE and Iris

Question 15

What surrounds the outer epithelium of the ciliary processes?

Answer 15

The inner non-pigmented layer. Inner surrounds outer. Inner is non-pigmented, outer is pigmented

Question 16

What does the ciliary stroma border?

Answer 16

The ciliary muscle

Question 17

What covers the ciliary stroma?

Answer 17

Ciliary epithelium layers

Question 18

Is the ciliary stroma vascular or avascular?

Answer 18

Richly vascularised

Question 19

Are pigmented cells present in the ciliary stroma?

Answer 19

Yes. Melanocytes

Question 20

Are fibroblasts present in the ciliary stroma?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What immune cells can be found in the ciliary stroma?

Answer 21

Mast cells, macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 22

Name the 3 ciliary muscles beginning with the most superficial. Which has the main bulk?

Answer 22

Longitudinal - form main bulk
Oblique
Circular

Question 23

Which of the ciliary muscles runs parallel with the sclera?

Answer 23

Longitudinal fibres

Question 24

During accommodation, which surface of the lens changes more, anterior or posterior?

Answer 24

Anterior

Question 25

What happens to lens with age?

Answer 25

Thickens

Question 26

What happens when you accommodate?

Answer 26

Ciliary muscles contract, which loosen the zonules, and allow the lens to increase in curvature.

(Whereas when relaxed, zonules tighten and pull the lens)

Question 27

Do ciliary muscles receive mainly sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 27

Parasympathetic system (sympathetic is only 1-2%)

Question 28

Describe the parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscles

Answer 28

Receptor: muscarinic receptors 
To - the midbrain
via - ciliary ganglion 
Nerve - short posterior ciliary nerves
Cranial nerve - III (inferior division)

Question 29

What vessels supply blood to the ciliary body?

Answer 29

Long posterior ciliary arteries (main source) and Anterior ciliary arteries

Question 30

How do anterior ciliary arteries reach the ciliary bodies? What about the long posterior ciliary arteries?

Answer 30

They travel via the extraocular muscles.

Long posterior ciliary arteries travel between the sclera and the choroid

Question 31

What do the anterior ciliary arteries and long posterior ciliary arteries form?

Answer 31

Major Arterial Circle