UTS MIDTERM (ALL) Flashcards
To have a sense of meaning/purpose
- To foster healthier relationships
- To utilize one’s natural strength
- To boost confidence
SELF-UNDERSTANDING
the theatrical masks worn by
Romans in Greek and Latin drama
PERSONA
It is the characteristic patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that make a person
unique. It is believed that personality arises
from within the individual and remains
consistent throughout life.
PERSONALITY
4 Determinants of Personality (SBIP)
SOCIAL
BIOLOGICAL
INTELLECTUAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
an individual’s personality
considering their position within
their social group or community and
consider how they see their place
- Sociological aspects related to the
community and his/her role in the
community
Social determinants
Hereditary and physical features
Biological determinants
Our intellect can influence various
aspects and areas of our behavior
which in turn, can determine our
personality
- Values, Humor, Morality
Intellectual determinants
This specific style which is different
for everyone gets determined
through the accumulative
characteristics of mental trends,
emotions, sentiments, thought
patterns and complexes.
Psychological determinants
curious, creative, spontaneous,
impulsive, goal-oriented, optimistic,
and cheerful.
SANGUINE
4 Types of Personality
(SPMC)
SANGUINE
PHLEGMATIC
MELANCHOLIC
CHOLERIC
introverted, calm, unemotional,
easygoing, patient, and agreeable
PHLEGMATIC
sensitive, sad, paranoid, critical, and
socially withdrawn
MELANCHOLIC
quick-thinking, influential,
competitive, independent, easily
annoyed, and prideful
CHOLERIC
It is what differentiates you from other people. It is
what makes you unique.
Personality Traits
The Big Five/The Five-Factor Model (OCEAN)
OPENNESS
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
EXTRAVERSION
AGREEABLENESS
NEUROTICISM
People who are high in _________________ tend
to have a broad range of interests.
They are curious about the world and
other people and are eager to learn
new things and enjoy new
experiences
OPENNESS
Highly conscientious people tend to
be organized and mindful of details.
They plan, think about how their
behavior affects others, and are
mindful of deadlines.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
excitability, sociability,
talkativeness, assertiveness, and high
amounts of emotional
expressiveness.
- People high in extraversion are
outgoing and tend to gain energy in
social situations. Being around
others helps them feel energized and
excited
EXTRAVERSION
Has a great deal of interest in other
people, cares about others, feels
empathy and concern for other
people, enjoys helping and
contributing to the happiness of other
people, assists others who need help
AGREEABLENESS
Individuals who are high in
_______________ tend to experience mood
swings, anxiety, irritability, and
sadness
NEUROTICISM
is an overarching idea we have about
who we are — physically, emotionally, socially,
spiritually, and in terms of any other aspects that make
up who we are
SELF-CONCEPT
“Inner being” and “our Soul”
The Nature of Self
-Thinking and a feeling being within “us” and
within “ourselves”
- The distinct identity which is a summation
of the experiences of an individual
- Self-awareness and consciousness of a
rational being
THE SELF
To search for identity and core being
- Finding true identity (genuine self) and
individuality
The Process of Discovering the Self
Was developed in 1955 at the University of
California Los Angeles by American
Psychologists namely Joseph Luft and
Harrington Ingham.
The Johari Window Model
Was developed in 1955 at the University of
California Los Angeles by American
Psychologists namely …
Joseph Luft and
Harrington Ingham.
This model allows participants to
understand themselves well and their
corresponding relationship with their
significant others through the four quadrants
determining traits relative to oneself and
other’s judgment
THE JOHARI WINDOW MODEL
Info about you that both you and others know
Open Self / The Arena
Info about you that you know but others don’t
know.
Hidden Self / Façade
Info about you that you don’t know but others
do know.
Blind Self / Blind Spot
Info about you that neither you nor others
know.
Unknown Self / Unknown
It means love of wisdom.
PHILOSOPHY
It is an activity people undertake when they
seek to understand fundamental truths about
themselves, the world in which they live,
and their relationships to the world and to
each other.
PHILOSOPHY
He was the first philosopher who ever
engaged in a systematic questioning about the
self.
SOCRATES
The true task of a philosopher is to know
oneself.
SOCRATES
He thought that this is the worst that can
happen to anyone:
to live but die inside (SOCRATES)
Every man is ____________ – composed of body and soul.
DUALISTIC
The ________ signifies the imperfect
and impermanent aspect of man, WHILE the
______ signifies otherwise.
BODY, SOUL
He said that there are three components of the soul:
PLATO
PLATO said that there are three components of the soul:
RATIONAL SOUL
SPIRITED SOUL
APPETITIVE SOUL
_______________ is forged by reason and
intellect. It has to govern the affairs of the
human person.
rational soul
______________ is the one in charge of
emotions and should be kept at bay.
spirited soul
______________ is in charge of base
desires like eating, sleeping, drinking, and
having sex. It must be controlled as well.
appetitive soul
When this ideal state is attained, then the human
person’s soul becomes ______ and _________.
just , virtuous
His view of the human person reflects the
entire spirit of the medieval world when it
comes to man.
ST. AUGUSTINE
He believed that an aspect of man dwells in
the world. It’s imperfect and continuously
yearns to be with the Divine AND the other
is capable of reaching immortality.
- The body is bound to die on earth and the soul
is to anticipate living eternally in a realm of
spiritual bliss in communion with God.
ST. AUGUSTINE
Man is composed of two parts: matter and form.
Thomas Aquinas
Man is composed of two parts:
matter and form.
refers to the communion stuff that
makes up everything in the universe
MATTER
refers to the essence of a substance or
thing.
FORM
The ______ is what animates the body. It is what makes
us humans.
SOUL
Self is a combination of two distinct entities:
Rene Descartes
Self is a combination of two distinct entities:
COGITO AND EXTENZA
the thing that thinks (the mind).
COGITO
the extension of the mind (the
body).
EXTENZA
cogito ergo sum or
“I think therefore, I am”
Empiricism – knowledge can only be possible if it is
sensed and experienced.
DAVID HUME
knowledge can only be possible if it is
sensed and experienced.
Empiricism
are the basic objects of our
experience or sensation. It forms the core of
our thoughts. It is the products of our direct
experience with the world.
IMPRESSIONS
copies of impressions. It is not as
lively and vivid as impressions.
IDEAS
The mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot
be separated from one another.
One cannot find any experience that is not an
embodied experience. All experience is embodied.
One’s body is his opening toward his existence to the
world. Because of these bodies, men are in the world.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
– A merged view
of the persona and their social context where the
boundaries of one cannot easily be separated from the
boundaries of the other.
Social Constructionist Perspective
Marcel Mauss said that the self has _______ faces
2
person’s sense of who he is, his body, and his
basic identity, his biological givenness
MOI
the social concepts of what it means to be
who he is
PERSONNE
The cognitive and emotional development of
a child is always a mimicry of how it is done
in the social world, in the external reality
where he is in.
- A young child internalizes values, norms,
practices, and social beliefs and more through
exposure to these dialogs that will eventually
become part of his individual world.
- Each child is born with certain givenness,
disposition coming from his parents’ genes
and general condition of life, the impact of
one’s family is still deemed as given in
understanding the self.
- Learning is critical in our capacity to
actualize our potential of becoming humans.
- A child absorbs and imitates whatever he/she
sees around him/ her.
BIOLOGICAL
SEX
CULTURALLY DEFINED
GENDER
- The assumption that all people are
heterosexual and that this is the norm, e.g., all
married people are husband and wife
Heteronormativity
This is the classification of sex and gender
into two distinct and disconnect states of
male and female
Gender Binary
The assumption that everyone’s gender aligns
with the cultural expectations of sex assigned
at birth and that this is the norms, e.g., only
women wear dresses.
Cis-normativity
Is how you, in your head think about yourself.
- Female/Male/Woman/Man/Genderqueer
GEDER IDENTITY
Is how you demonstrate your gender through
the way you act, dress, behave and interact
- Feminine, Androgynous, Masculine
GENDER EXPRESSION
Refers to the objectively measurable organs,
hormones, and chromosomes.
Female = vagina, ovaries, XX chromosomes;
Male = penis, testes, XY chromosomes;
Intersex = a combination of the two
BIOLOGICAL SEX
Is who you are physically, spiritually, and
emotionally attracted to based on their
sex/gender in relation to your own
- Heterosexual, Bisexual, Homosexual
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
A person who finds intelligence the most
sexually attractive feature.
SAPIOSEXUAL
Modifying one’s behavior to adapt to
different sociocultural norms
CODE SWITCHING
The singular, gender neutral pronoun
THEY
A gender identity that is constantly
shifting
GENDER-FLUID
A person who identifies as having two
distinct genders.
BIGENDER
The idea that there are two distinct
genders, one female and one male and
nothing in between
GENDER-BINARY
person whose sexual orientation is
toward another of the opposite sex
HETEROSEXUAL
person whose sexual orientation is
toward another of the same sex
(lesbian or gay)
HOMOSEXUAL
person who may be sexually
oriented to both men and women
BISEXUAL
people experience a gender
identity that is inconsistent with or
not culturally associated with their
assigned sex, and desire to
permanently transition to the
gender with which they identify
TRANSSEXUAL
persons who are sexually attracted
to people regardless of their sex or
gender identity
PANSEXUAL
people who do not experience
sexual attraction
ASEXUAL
people who experience their
gender identity and/or
gender expression as falling
outside the categories of man and
woman. They may define their
gender as falling somewhere in
between man and woman, or they
may define it as wholly different
from these terms
NON-BINARY/GENDERQUEER
people whose gender expression is
different from conventional
expectations of masculinity and
femininity
GENDER NON-CONFORMING
_______________ are
men, typically gay men, who dress like
women for the purpose of entertainment.
Drag queens
persons who identify with the sex
they were assigned at birth
CISGENDER
________________ women are not crossdressers or drag queens.
Transgenders
Persons whose gender identity, gender
expression or behavior does not conform
to that typically associated with the sex to
which they were assigned at birth.
TRANSGENDER
A person who sometimes wears clothes
usually worn by different gender.
Cross-dresser
ALLY CONTINUUM
is the sense of personal identity and of who
we are as individuals.
THE SELF AS COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT
no understanding of the issues
APATHETIC
Know basic concepts, not active on
behalf of self or others.
AWARE
Well-informed, sharing and seeking
diversity when asked/prompted.
ACTIVE
Committed, routinely and proactively
championing inclusion.
ADVOCATE
The “____” is the thinking, acting, and
feeling self.
I
Founder of functionalism
WILLIAM JAMES
He was one of the earliest psychologists to
study the self and conceptualized the self as
having two aspects – the “I” and the “me”.
WILLIAM JAMES
The “____” is the physical
characteristics and psychological
capabilities that makes who you are.
ME
Founder of client-centered therapy.
CARL ROGERS
The ________ refers to the attributes that an
individual is aware of
real self
the _________ refers to the self that we wish to be
ideal self
His therapy aimed to make the person
achieve balance between their self-concept
(real-self) and ideal self.
CARL ROGERS
The Father and Founder of Psychoanalysis.
SIGMUND FREUD
The unconscious self serves as the repository of past
experiences, repressed memories, fantasies, and
urges.
The three levels of the mind:
- Id (pleasure principle),
- Ego (reality principle) and
- the Superego (moral principle).
2 MOTIVATION FOR BEHAVIOR
SEX (EROS) AGGRESSION (THANATOS)
libido and such includes urges necessary for survival
like thirst, hunger, and sex.
EROS
Theory of Symbolic Interactionism
GEORGE MEAD
directed towards destruction in the form of aggression
and violence.
THANATOS
The self is created and developed through
human interaction.
Theory of Symbolic Interactionism
Self-evaluation Maintenance Theory
Abraham Tesser
We can feel threatened when someone outperforms us, especially when that person is close to us.
Self-evaluation Maintenance Theory
SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY
LEON FESTINGER
we learn about ourselves, the appropriateness
of our behaviors as well as our social status
by comparing aspects of ourselves with other
people.
Social Comparison Theory
Known for his theory of social learning by
means of modeling. Famous for his
proposed concept of self-efficacy.
ALBERT BANDURA
He believes that through our agency we
humans are perceived as __________________________________
proactive agents of experiences.
asserts that a
person is both proactive and agentic, which
means that we have the capacity to exercise
control over our life. This theory emphasized
that human beings are proactive, self-regulating, self-reflective, and self-organizing.
Social Cognitive Theory
______________ beliefs determine how people
feel, think, motivate themselves and behave.
Self-efficacy
