UTIs (Renal) Flashcards
Differentiate between cystitis and pyelonephritis
Cystitis = infection of the bladder - Lower UTI
Pyelonephritis = infection of parenchyma and collecting system of the kidney. Cystitis and pyelonephritis may coexist
What is asymptomatic bacteriuria
Bacteria in urine with no symptoms. Defined as presence of same organism in counts of >10^8 in two samples.
What is the difference between complicated and uncomplicated UTI?
Uncomplicated = infection without structural/functiona abnormality of urinary tract.
Complicated = abnormality of urinary tract, increasing colonisation and decreasing efficacy of therapy.
List some risk factors for developing a UTI
Age - young, eldery Gender - females Pregnancy Sexual activity Hospital acquired Instrumentation of urinary tract
What urinary tract abnormalities in children are associated with UTIs?
Vesico-ureteral reflux
Ureteral duplication
PUJ obstruction
What are the sequelae of vesico-ureteral reflux?
HTN
Renal scarring
UTIs
Renal failure
Why are UTIs more common in pregnancy, and what impacts on the child?
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is more common in pregnancy, which can lead to cystitis and pyelonephritis.
Can lead to low birth weight, preterm birth.
What is the pathogenesis of UTIs?
MOst UTIs result from bacterai ascending from the urethra.
Most bacteria causing UTIs originate in bowel:
Colonise vagina, distal urethra then ascending into bladder, up ureters into renal parenchyma.
What are the most common organisms that cause UTIs?
What are some less common ones?
Few types of Escherichia coli cause most UTIs.
Also the nosocomial ones: SEKPEP
Serratia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Entercoccus, Proteus
Describe symptoms of cystitis.
Dysuria, polyuria, urgency, haematuria.
Symptoms of acute pyelonephiritis
Flank pain, fever, and those associated with cystitis.
Two types of lab examinations of urine?
Urine microscopy
Urine culture
Which antibiotics are used in general practice for UTIs?
Which is specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection?
Amoxycillin Augmentin Cephalexin Nitrofurantoin Norfloxacin (P. aeruginosa)
Describe some measures to prevent UTIs
Pee after intercourse
Extra fluid intake
Frequent bladder emptying
Wipe front to back lol
