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IMSCP2 Microbiology > Urethritis and Vaginal Discharges > Flashcards

Urethritis and Vaginal Discharges Flashcards

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1
Q

Lab definition of urethritis?

A

>5 WBCs on SWAB
>10 WBCs in URINE

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2
Q

What causes gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

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3
Q

Two levels of disease in gonorrhoea.
What are they, and how do they impact men and women?

A

Uncomplicated disease presents with:

  • Males: Urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis
  • Females: Cervicitis, PID

Disseminated disesase presents with: (More common in females)

  • Arthritis
  • Infertility
    • Tenosynovitis
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4
Q

What are two diagnostic tests for gonorrhoea?

What are their benefits?

A

Culture - gives antibiotic resistances.

PCR - Always test for both gonorrhoea and chlamydia at the same time. Easy - urine for men, swab for women

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5
Q

How do you treat gonorrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone plus Azithromycin

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6
Q

What causes chlamydia and what difference disesae do the diff serotypes cause?

A

Caused by chlamydia trachomatis.

Serovars A-C cause ocular trachoma, serovars D-K cause genital disease.

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7
Q

Why is treatment of chlamydia dependent on its life cyce?

A

Treatment is only effective when chlamydia is replicating (inside host cells).

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8
Q

Why is antibiotic resistance rare in chlamydia?

A

Because reproduction occurs inside a host cell

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9
Q

What are some clinical presentations of chlamydia?

A

Urethritis

Epididymitis

Infertility

Throat and rectal infections

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10
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosied?

A

PCR - Tested n combination with gonorrhoea

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11
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline

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12
Q

What are the two mycoplasmas in genital disease?

How do they present?

How are they treated?

A

Mycoplasma genitalium

  • Present the same as chlamydia
  • Treated with azithromycin (moxifloxacin if resis.)

Ureaplasma urealyticum

  • Urethritis
  • Treated with azithromycin (moxifloxacin if resis.)
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13
Q

What is reactive arthritis?

How is it treated?

A

An autoimmune response following infection (chlamydia, gonorrhoea)

Treatment:

  • Treat underlying infection
  • Anti-inflammatories
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14
Q

What are the two types of vaginal discharge, and how do they differ on diagnosis?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

  • Most common cause of vaginal discharge
  • pH > 4.5
  • Microscopy

Candidiasis

  • C albicans or C glabrata
  • Pruritis
  • pH < 4.5
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15
Q

How are vaginal discharges treated?

A

Generally, with metronidazole

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16
Q

What causes trichomonas, and what is the characteristic sign?

How is it treated?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis - causes frothy discharge.

Treatment - Metronidazole

IMSCP2 Microbiology (13 decks)

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