UTIs Flashcards
Is the threshold for indicating an infection lower or higher in catheter sample?
Lower (>10^2)
Are recurrent UTIs in women caused by relapse or reinfections most commonly?
Reinfections
Which bacteria can cause UTIs via haematogenous spread?
Staph aureus
TB
Salmonella Typhi
What is the problem with females having short urethras?
Shorter distance for bac to travel to infected
Opening is closer to the anus
How does sexual intercourse predispose one to a UTI?
Bac are pushed up the urethra
Type I fimbriae are important because…
Most host cells have receptors for them
What concentration of bac in the urine suggests an infection?
>10^5/ml CFU
Where are commensal bacteria expected to be found in the UT?
Below the spincter of the bladder
What is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
Bacteria in the urine without symptoms
What antibiotics do you use for UTIs?
Co-amoxyclav
Cephalexin
Trimethoprin
Which virus causes haemorrhagic cystitis?
Adenovirus
When does the bladder usually hold *Salmonella *Typhi asymptomatically?
When there is unlying damage eg by after Schistomiasis
What result from a bag sample is significant?
Sterile: no UTI
T/F Rised WBC in urine means infection.
False could be stones or tumours as well
What is the most likely *Staph *species to cause UTIs?
saprophyticus
What are some innate defences of the bladder?
Urine flushing
Bac don’t like to grow in urine
Epithelium is hard to colonise
Transitional epithelium resists colonisation
Which viruses are sometime shed in urine?
CMV
Rubella
Polyomaviruses
What is sterile pyuria?
Pus in the urine without bacteria