Type II and III hypersensitivity

Question 1

What is the pathogenesis of goodpasture’s syndrome?

Answer 1

Ab binds to type IV collagen in glomeruli causing complement act. and phagocyte recruitment > glomeruli damage

Question 1

What hormone is mimicked in grave’s disease?

Answer 1

TSH

Question 1

How can self reactive ab form when there is a tolerance mechanism in place in the primary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 1

Self ab’s sneak through the system!

Question 3

Which type of hypersensitivity involved immune complexes?

Answer 3

III

Question 4

What is targeted in goodpasture’s syndrome?

Answer 4

A variant of collagen IV - particularly on glomeruli

Question 5

What are the two possible outcomes ab binding to host ag in type II hypersensitivity?

Answer 5

1. Complement activation > Inflammation > Damage
2. Ab binding to proteins or receptors interfering with their function - can stimulate or inhibit

Question 6

After which pregnancy (in a single mother) does haemolytic disease occur in newborns?

Answer 6

The 2nd pregnancy (if both children are Rh+)

Question 6

Which hormone is overproduced in grave’s disease?

Answer 6

Thyroid hormones

Question 6

Which organs are commonly affected in systemic lupus erythematosis?

Answer 6

Kidney

Skin

Question 7

How can some drugs initiate a type II hypersensitivity response?

Answer 7

Drug bind to RBCs or platelets > anti-drug ab’s target the RBC/platelet+drug > damage

Question 7

What happens to receptors in myasthenia gravis?

Answer 7

Aberrant self ab bind to them, blocking ligands from binding and causing them to be internalised

Question 8

What is characteristic of immune complexes that are most effectively cleared?

Answer 8

They act complement well

They ab is high affinity

Their makeup is relatively high in ab’s

Question 9

T/F Immune complexes in type III HS have self ag only

Answer 9

False, they can have self or foreign ag’s

Question 11

What type of hypersensitivity occurs when blood transfusions are mismatched?

Answer 11

Type II

Question 12

Which type of hypersensitivity II or III, targets cell bound or extracellular matrix protein?

Answer 12

II

Question 13

What is an example of a type II HS disease where there is activation by the aberant ab

Answer 13

Grave’s disease

Question 13

Are self ab’s generally high or low affinity to their ag

Answer 13

Low affinity

Question 14

What must the ag status of the mother and baby be for haemolytic disease of newborns to occur?

Answer 14

Mother: Rh-

Baby: Rh+

Question 16

Which blood groups is the universal donor?

Answer 16

O

Question 16

Which receptors are targeted in myasthenia gravis?

Answer 16

Acetylcholine receptors

Question 17

Are small or large complexes better cleared?

Answer 17

Large

Question 19

Which blood group is the universal acceptor?

Answer 19

AB

Question 20

Where are immune complexes deposited in farmer’s lung?

Answer 20

Alveolar air spaces - leads to fibrosis and scarring

Question 22

What is example of a type II HS disease where there is inactivation by the aberrant ab

Answer 22

Myasthenia gravis

Question 23

What mediates type II hypersensitivity?

Answer 23

Antibody (particularly IgG and IgM)

Question 24

Describe the classical pathway for complement activation

Answer 24

Ab bound to a cell’s surface

C1 > C4 > C2 = C3 Convertase

C3 Convertase cleave C3 in C3a and C3b

Question 25

What are some examples of disease mediated by type III HS?

Answer 25

Farmers lung

Serum sickness

Glomerulonephritis

Rheumatic fever

Endocarditis

Arthritis

Question 27

How can you prevent haemolytic disease of newborns?

Answer 27

Give anti-Rh ab to the mother right after birth so she can’t develop an immune response to that ag.

Question 28

When do complexes in type III HS becomes probematic?

Answer 28

When are they overproduced or not effectively cleared and complement is activated and a strong inflammatory response is attracted in small vessels

Question 29

Which ag mediates haemolytic disease in newborns?

Answer 29

Rh (Rhesus)

Question 30

What do you find in kidneys in SLE?

Answer 30

Immune complexes and anti-DNA ab’s

Question 32

When do maternal antibodies against Rh form in haemolytic disease of newborns?

Answer 32

During the first pregnancy, the fetal blood enters the mother and the mother mounts an immune response to it

Question 33

What is the name of the bacteria in farmer’s lung?

Answer 33

Actinomyces