UTI & STIs Flashcards
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are defined as…
the presence of microorganisms in the urine that cannot be accounted for by contamination
* microorganisms have the potential to invade urinary tract tissues and adjacent structures/ organs
(urine is sterile coming out & as it exits it becomes contaminated)
Bacteriuria:
presence of bacteria in urine
(amount is what depicts if they’ll be infected or not - but always a % of bacteria in urine)
Abacteriuria:
lack of detectable bacteria in urine
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) represent…
a wide variety of clinical inflammatory syndromes:
Lower tract UTI:
* Urethritis (urethra)
* Cystitis (bladder)
* Prostatitis (prostate)
* Epididymitis (testicular epididymis)
Upper tract UTI
* Pyelonephritis (ureters + kidney)
What are the Lower tract UTIs?
- Urethritis (urethra)
- Cystitis (bladder)
- Prostatitis (prostate)
- Epididymitis (testicular epididymis)
What are the Upper tract UTIs?
- Pyelonephritis (ureters + kidney)
Which are the most common UTIs? Lower or Upper tract?
Lower tract
Upper urinary tract has the ____ frequent UTI, with…
LESS
0.4 cases/ 10,000 people / month
Lower urinary tract has the ____ frequent UTI, with…
MOST
1.5 cases/ 10,000 people/ month
What is included in the Upper urinary tract?
- Diaphragm
- Adrenal gland
- Left kidney
- Right kidney
- Ureters
What is included in the Lower urinary tract?
- *Bladder
- *Urethra
- Female cervix
- Male prostate
What is the UTIs Epidemiology?
UTIs vary by age and sex
What is the UTI epidemiology for Newborns – 6 months?
most common in males (1%)
* Due to abnormalities of urinary tract and non-circumcision
What is the UTI epidemiology for >1 year to adulthood (pre-menopause)?
most common in FEMALES
* 1 in 5 women will experience a symptomatic UTI in their lifetime
What are the increased UTI risks in >1 year to adulthood (pre-menopause)?
- during and after pregnancy (put weight on bladder & urethra)
- frequent sexual activity/ multiple partners
- frequent spermicide, condom, diaphragm use
What is the UTI epidemiology for >65 yrs?
EQUAL (50%) among males and females
* (Asymptomatic) increases with hospitalization and nursing home care (ex: diapers)
What is the UTI epidemiology for Prostatitis (prostate infection)?
Rarely occurs in young men, 50% OF MEN >30 YRS will experience in lifetime
(prostate grows as men age)
What is a simple way of saying why female may get more UTIs?
males have more distance b/t urethra & anus
& females may do improper wiping etc. (many other factors) b/c urethra is closer to anus
What are the 2 types of UTIs?
Uncomplicated & complicated
Uncomplicated UTIs:
are due to infections that may interfere with the normal flow of urine or the voiding mechanism
* Does NOT include anatomical or neurologic abnormalities
** Primarily involve ADULT PRE-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
(majority that’ll be in clinic)
Complicated UTIs:
result of a predisposing lesion of the urinary tract, such as a congenital abnormality or distortion of the urinary tract: stones, indwelling catheter, prostatic hypertrophy, obstruction, or neurologic deficit that interferes with the normal flow of urine and urinary tract defenses
** EVERYONE EXCEPT “healthy” adult pre-menopausal women
(complicated b/c other factors are at play)
Untreated UTIs are the most common cause of _______ _______ (20%)
community-acquired bacteremia
(can lead to sepsis)
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB):
is absence of UTI signs or symptoms in a patient whose urine culture satisfies criteria for UTI→found mainly in high-risk patient urine screens (for other causes); RARELY TREATED
* ELDERLY PATIENTS (>65 yrs) FREQUENTLY HAVE AB IN URINE
* Altered mental status, catheterization, incontinence (but hard to say)
(self-resolving)
Recurrent UTIs:
two or more UTIs occurring within 6 months or three or more within 1 year
* caused by REINFECTION or RELAPSE