UTI, Pulmonary infections, skin and soft tissue infections Flashcards
What is Cystitis?
Bladder infection that causes inflammation of the bladder
What is Pyelonephritis?
Kidney infection
What is Urosepsis?
When a UTI spreads to the kidneys and causes sepsis
What is CAUTI?
Cather Associated UTI
what is the value indicating UTI in urine culture
10^5 CFU/ml (colony forming unit)
- 100,000
what does 10,000-100,000 CFU indicate
possible UTI, to check symptoms
what does <10,000 CFU indicate
likely contamination
❗list 8 gram -ve organism that cause UTI + which is the most common
e.coli: most common
klebsiella pneumonia
proteus: a/w kidney stones (staghorn calculas)
enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia
pseudomonas aeruginosa: (hospital bug) esp prev atbx exposure, presence of urinary catheter
❗list 1 gram positive organism that cause UTI
enterococcus
- usually in pt w abnormal anatomy or over exposure to atbx
❗list 1 fungus that cause UTI
candida
- usually due to recent atbx exposure
What is the treatment for Cystitis and CAUTI?
PO Antibiotics
- short treatment duration (3-7 days)
What is the treatment for pyelonephritis and Urosepsis
- Start with IV antibiotics
- Followed by PO antibiotic if improving after 48 hours
- Total antibiotic duration - 7 to 14 days (Slightly longer)
What happens if patient has a ureteric stent or catheter and infection persists?
Remove foreign material and give antibiotics
Should antibiotics be given for asymptomatic UTI + why?
No, to prevent antibiotics resistance
what is the risk factor for asymptomatic UTI
> 65 y/o
Which patients should receive antibiotics for asymptomatic UTI? (5)
- Pregnant women
- To prevent lower to upper UTI
- Pt undergoing urological procedure or surgery
- To prevent sepsis due to additional foreign items inserting into urethra
- Children with repeated UTI
- Immunocompromised patients
- Kidney transplant patients
which pt require long term atbx prophylaxis for UTI
- children w recurrent UTI & vesicoureteral reflux w risk of renal scarring
- pt w UTI that affects their QOL
❗what does candida in urine culture indicate
UTI due to over exposure of atbx
What does Susceptible, increased exposure mean in a C&S test
The bacterial strain causing the infection can be inhibited by the antibiotic tested, but higher concentrations of the drug than normal are required for effective treatment
What are the 3 types of Pneumonia?
- Community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)
- Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
Typical vs atypical bacteria?
- Typical: Have characteristic shapes and susceptible to certain antibiotics
- Atypical: Dont have gram stain color and have different characteristics
❗Pathogens that causes CAP? (8)
typical: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae
atypical: chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila
others: staph aureus (post influenza), kleb pneumoniae, influenza (virus)
❗Pathogens that causes HAP/VAP? (6)
- strep pneumoniae
- haemophilus influenzae
- ‘coliforms’
eg. e coli, klebsiella, enterobacter - pseudomonas aeruginosa
- acinetobacter
- MRSA
What is the test and sample for bacterial pneumonia?
test: microscopy (gram stain), culture & sensitivity
samples: sputum, endotracheal aspirate (ETA), bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL)
