UTI Flashcards
What is urethritis?
- infection confined to urethra
- caused by STD
Is there fever with cystitis?
no
Is there fever with pyelonephritis?
yes
(c) Cystitis is regarded as an infection of the bladder, even though the infection may be confined to the ______ in up to one-third of cases.
urethra
(c) Cystitis is regarded as an infection of the bladder, even though the infection may be confined to the ______ in up to one-third of cases.
urethra
__________ is used when infection is confined to the urethra and is due to a sexually transmitted disease
“Urethritis”
How do epithelial cells in the urinary tract protect against infection?
- they can ingest bacteria and contain growth
- NOT professional phagocytes
- Can then shed into urine and voided
The ___________ valve prevents ascent of infection from bladder; efficacy compromised by infection.
Ureterovesical
Local antibody production terminates pyelonephritis (infection in kidney); probably not operative in _________.
bladder
Most strains of E. coli causing pyelonephritis have ________, which adhere to globoseries glycolipid receptors on human cells that resemble P antigen on RBC.
P pili
Most strains of E. coli causing pyelonephritis have ________, which adhere to globoseries glycolipid receptors on human cells that resemble P antigen on RBC.
P pili
_________, produced by Proteus, Providencia, Morganella alkalinizes urine. Causing precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate (called struvite) stones.
Urease
As kidney stones form in infected urine, they serve as a nest for bacteria, allowing for ___________.
Recurring infection
What causes the incidence of UTI to equal out with age between men and women?
-enlarged prostate in older men leads to obstruction and incomplete emptying of the bladder.
____________ in older men leads to obstruction and incomplete emptying of the bladder.
enlarged prostate
Women have a greater risk of pyelonephritis during _______.
pregnancy
The term ‘_______’ describes increased numbers of WBC in urine.
pyuria
What can cause an increase in white cells in healthy urine?
dehydration
What can cause an increase in white cells in healthy urine?
dehydration
What is the ddx of uncomplicated acute UTI in healthy young women?
- E. coli
- S. saprophyticus
- Proteus & Klebsiella
The finding of Staph aureus in urine suggests ________, and should always be taken very seriously, especially in absence of indwelling urinary catheter
bacteremia
What is the treatment for uncomplicated acute UTI?
Official: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (bactrim) (3d)
Musher: nitrofurantoin (5d)
“WBC casts in urine”
Pyelonephritis
What is the treatment for pyelonephritis?
- need abx that are highly effective against E. coli
- 3g cephalosporin
- Aminoglycoside
