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Term 4: ID practice > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dermatophytes?

A
  • Microsporum,
  • Epidermophyton,
  • Trichophyton
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2
Q

Yeast are typically single, small, oval cells that reproduce by _________.

A

simple budding

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3
Q

In some yeasts, a single cell may elongate to form successive buds that do not pinch off, but form branching chain structures called ____________.

A

pseudohyphae

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4
Q

Instead of peptidoglycan, fungi have ______ in their cell walls.

A

-chitin

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5
Q

What is the fungal version of cholesterol found in their cell membrane?

A

Ergosterol

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6
Q

What is TInea unquim?

A

-dermatophyte infection of the nail

Onychomycosis

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7
Q

“proximal subungual onychomycosis”

A

Think AIDS

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8
Q

What is Tinea cruris?

A

Jock itch caused by dermatophyte

-Well demarcated border & absence of satellite lesions

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9
Q

_____ dissolves skin cells & hair and preserves fungal hyphae.

A

KOH

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10
Q

The Hyphae of ________ are septate & branch at acute angles.

A

Aspergillus

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11
Q

The most significant determinants of aspergillus infection is the ____________.

A

immune status of the host

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12
Q

What are the two varieties of allergic aspergillus?

A
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonia (allergic alveolitis)

- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

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13
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) occurs in people with _________.

A

Preexisting asthma

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14
Q

Aspergilloma occurs in patients with __________.

A

Some other preexisting cavitary lung disease

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15
Q

If a patient with aspergilloma has hemoptysis, you need to _______.

A

surgery them

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16
Q

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurs almost exclusively in ____________.

A

Immunocompromised individuals

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17
Q

“halo sign”

A

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

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18
Q

Chronic necrotizing aspergillosis occurs in patients who ____________.

A

-are middle aged with some impairment of host defenses

COPD, Diabetes, Low dose steroids

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19
Q

Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis commonly present with ___________.

A

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

**very very rapid progression

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20
Q

Primary central nervous system mucormycosis is common in _________.

A

Parenteral drug addicts

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21
Q

The only reliable method of diagnosis of mucormycosis is by _________________.

A

tissue biopsy and microscopic examination with culture

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22
Q

Organism causing _________ has irregular, non-septate, broad hyphae that branch at right angles

A

mucormycosis

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23
Q

In culture, ___________ produces a unique, diffusable red pigment.

A

Penicillium marneffei

*southeast asia

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24
Q

In culture, ___________ produces a unique, diffusable red pigment.

A

Penicillium marneffei

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25
Q

The pathogenesis of Blastomycosis is similar to the pathogenesis of ________.

A

Tuberculosis

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26
Q

What 4 organs are most commonly involved with Blastomycosis?

A
  • Lungs
  • Skin
  • Bone
  • Genitourinary
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27
Q

Skin lesions of _________ are described as verrucous (warty).

A

Blastomycosis

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28
Q

HIV patients are not at greater risk of acquiring _________, but if they get it, it’s much worse.

A

Blastomycosis

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29
Q

Yeast with “Broad-based budding”

A

Blastomycosis

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30
Q

“valley fever” or “San joaquin valley fever”

A

Coccidioides

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31
Q

________ is the largest of the infectious yeasts.

A

Coccidioides

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32
Q

1/3 of students at the University of Arizona Student Health Center who present with “community-acquired pneumonia” have _________.

A

Coccidioides

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33
Q

In patients with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Coccidioides can cause __________________.

A

apical cavitary disease that mimics TB

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34
Q

Who is at greatest risk for disseminated disease caused by coccidioides?

A
  • Dark skinned individuals

- Preggers women

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35
Q

When is it safe to stop therapy for meningitis caused by Coccidioides?

A

NEVER

36
Q

“aged pigeon droppings”

A

Cryptococcus

37
Q 
When drinking wine amongst the roses
Or guzzling beer while throwing bricks
Or playing games in bales of hay
Where lurks the tricky \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Beware the price you pay for play
When you get struck by dread mycoses
A

sporothrix

38
Q

_____________ may be an early indicator of acute infection with coccidiodes.

A

Erythema nodosum

39
Q

_____________ may be an early indicator of acute infection with coccidiodes.

A

Erythema nodosum

40
Q

Where is the natural habitat of Coccidioides?

A

-endemic to southwest US, form corpus christi to California

41
Q

Where is the natural habitat of Blastomyces?

A
  • easter/midwestern U.S.
  • Along Mississippi river
  • Great lakes + Ohio river valley
42
Q

Where is the natural habitat of Histoplasma?

A
  • Along mississippi river
  • south of great lakes

***look for people who go spelunking, likes bat and bird poop

43
Q

Where is the natural habitat of Histoplasma?

A
  • Along mississippi river
  • south of great lakes

***look for people who go spelunking, likes bat and bird poop

44
Q

Where is the natural habitat of Paracoccioides brasiliensis?

A

-South america

45
Q

What are the defining symptoms of Paracoccioides brasiliensis?

A
  • mucocutaneous lesions in the mouth

- cervical lymphadenopathy

46
Q

“Narrow-necked buds”

A

Paracoccioides brasiliensis

47
Q

“Narrow-necked buds”

A

Paracoccioides brasiliensis

48
Q

Aspergillus flavus produces _________ that causes hepatocellular carcinoma.

A

Aflatoxin

49
Q

What are the three main clinical syndromes caused by Aspergillus?

A

1) Allergic aspergillus (allergic alveolitis & bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA))
2) Aspergilloma
3) Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

50
Q

What are the four main clinical syndromes caused by Aspergillus?

A

1) Allergic aspergillus (allergic alveolitis & bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA))
2) Aspergilloma
3) Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
4) chronic necrotizing aspergillosis

51
Q

What are the four main clinical syndromes caused by Aspergillus?

A

1) Allergic aspergillus (allergic alveolitis & bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA))
2) Aspergilloma
3) Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
4) chronic necrotizing aspergillosis

52
Q

Where does one acquire Penicillium marneffei

A

Southeast asia

53
Q

Where does one acquire Penicillium marneffei

A

Southeast asia

54
Q

People taking deferoxamine, an iron chelator, are more susceptible to __________ infection.

A

Mucormycosis

55
Q

People taking deferoxamine, an iron chelator, are more susceptible to __________ infection.

A

Mucormycosis

56
Q

This fungus stains pink with mucicarmine:

A

What is….Cryptococcus neoformans?

57
Q

“India ink on CSF”

A

Cryptococcus

58
Q

What is the most common cause of fungal meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

59
Q

Chronic sporothric arthritis simulates ______.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

60
Q

“Cigar shaped yeast”

A

Sporothrix schenckii

61
Q

“rose thorn wound”

A

Sporothrix schenckii

62
Q

What does Pneumocystic jirovecii cause?

A

-life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients

63
Q

At a T cell count of _______, HIV patients become at risk for Pneumocystis.

A

2000

64
Q

At a T cell count of _______, HIV patients become at risk for Pneumocystis.

A

200

65
Q

What’s a good diagnostic test for Pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

bronchoalveolar lavage

66
Q

The principal finding of Pneumocystis pneumonia on pathological examination is the formation of a characteristic ___________alveolar exudate.

A

foamy, eosinophilic

67
Q

What is the treatment for pneumocystic pneumonia?

A

-Bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)

68
Q

What is the treatment for pneumocystic pneumonia?

A

-Bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)

69
Q

Candida _________ can be differentiated from other Candida species by its ability to form germ tubes when incubated in serum at 37oC.

A

albicans

70
Q

Patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis have disorders of __________.

A

lymphocytes

71
Q

What factors can predispose people to candida infections?

A
  • Broad spectrum antibiotics
  • Corticosteroids and cytotoxic chemotherapy
  • surgical procedures
  • prosthetic devices
72
Q

What is Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A
  • Failure of T-cell lymphocytes to respond to stimulation by Candida antigens
  • Patients usually present in infancy or childhood with thrush, followed by nail infections & disfiguring skin lesions of the face, scalp and hands
73
Q

What is Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A
  • Failure of T-cell lymphocytes to respond to stimulation by Candida antigens
  • Patients usually present in infancy or childhood with thrush, followed by nail infections & disfiguring skin lesions of the face, scalp and hands
74
Q

Candida paronychia is common in individuals who have _____________.

A

Frequent immersion of their hands in water.

dishwashers & laundry workers

75
Q

How do we differentiate diaper rash from Tinea crura?

A

Diaper rash (candida) has satelite lesions

76
Q

If you have a patient who is Candidemic, you need to:

A
  • call ID
  • Have ophthamologist look at eyes
  • remove IV catheter
77
Q

How do we treat Candida infections?

A
  • Most are susceptible to amphotericin B (but we don’t use that)
  • azoles are good, except for krusei and glabrata
  • USE echinocandins
78
Q

How do we treat Candida infections?

A
  • Most are susceptible to amphotericin B (but we don’t use that)
  • azoles are good, except for krusei and glabrata
  • USE echinocandins
79
Q

What is Terbinafine used to treat?

A

Dermatophyte infections, especially nail infections

80
Q

Amphotericin B binds to ________ in the fungal cell membrane.

A

Ergosterol

81
Q

What is the major organ toxicity of Amphotericin B?

A

Kidney

*enclosed by LDL, there are LDL receptors in kidney

82
Q

Renal toxicity is lessened with liposomal amphotericin B preparations because:

A

-it associates with HDL instead of LDL

83
Q

Renal toxicity is lessened with liposomal amphotericin B preparations because:

A

-it associates with HDL instead of LDL

84
Q

Amphotericin B is _________, while azoles are ________.

A
  • fungicidal

- fungistatic

85
Q

When giving Voriconaole, you have to watch out with any other drug that the patient is taking that is metabolized by _________

A

P450

86
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans has a ___________, that stains pink with mucicarmine.

A

large polysaccharide capsule

87
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis in people with AIDS?

A

-Cryptococcus neoformans

A Fungus?!?!?!?!

Term 4: ID practice (22 decks)

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