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Term 4: ID practice > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dermatophytes?

A
  • Microsporum,
  • Epidermophyton,
  • Trichophyton
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2
Q

Yeast are typically single, small, oval cells that reproduce by _________.

A

simple budding

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3
Q

In some yeasts, a single cell may elongate to form successive buds that do not pinch off, but form branching chain structures called ____________.

A

pseudohyphae

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4
Q

Instead of peptidoglycan, fungi have ______ in their cell walls.

A

-chitin

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5
Q

What is the fungal version of cholesterol found in their cell membrane?

A

Ergosterol

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6
Q

What is TInea unquim?

A

-dermatophyte infection of the nail

Onychomycosis

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7
Q

“proximal subungual onychomycosis”

A

Think AIDS

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8
Q

What is Tinea cruris?

A

Jock itch caused by dermatophyte

-Well demarcated border & absence of satellite lesions

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9
Q

_____ dissolves skin cells & hair and preserves fungal hyphae.

A

KOH

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10
Q

The Hyphae of ________ are septate & branch at acute angles.

A

Aspergillus

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11
Q

The most significant determinants of aspergillus infection is the ____________.

A

immune status of the host

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12
Q

What are the two varieties of allergic aspergillus?

A
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonia (allergic alveolitis)

- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

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13
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) occurs in people with _________.

A

Preexisting asthma

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14
Q

Aspergilloma occurs in patients with __________.

A

Some other preexisting cavitary lung disease

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15
Q

If a patient with aspergilloma has hemoptysis, you need to _______.

A

surgery them

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16
Q

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurs almost exclusively in ____________.

A

Immunocompromised individuals

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17
Q

“halo sign”

A

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

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18
Q

Chronic necrotizing aspergillosis occurs in patients who ____________.

A

-are middle aged with some impairment of host defenses

COPD, Diabetes, Low dose steroids

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19
Q

Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis commonly present with ___________.

A

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

**very very rapid progression

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20
Q

Primary central nervous system mucormycosis is common in _________.

A

Parenteral drug addicts

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21
Q

The only reliable method of diagnosis of mucormycosis is by _________________.

A

tissue biopsy and microscopic examination with culture

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22
Q

Organism causing _________ has irregular, non-septate, broad hyphae that branch at right angles

A

mucormycosis

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23
Q

In culture, ___________ produces a unique, diffusable red pigment.

A

Penicillium marneffei

*southeast asia

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24
Q

In culture, ___________ produces a unique, diffusable red pigment.

A

Penicillium marneffei

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25
The pathogenesis of Blastomycosis is similar to the pathogenesis of ________.
Tuberculosis
26
What 4 organs are most commonly involved with Blastomycosis?
- Lungs - Skin - Bone - Genitourinary
27
Skin lesions of _________ are described as verrucous (warty).
Blastomycosis
28
HIV patients are not at greater risk of acquiring _________, but if they get it, it's much worse.
Blastomycosis
29
Yeast with "Broad-based budding"
Blastomycosis
30
"valley fever" or "San joaquin valley fever"
Coccidioides
31
________ is the largest of the infectious yeasts.
Coccidioides
32
1/3 of students at the University of Arizona Student Health Center who present with “community-acquired pneumonia” have _________.
Coccidioides
33
In patients with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Coccidioides can cause __________________.
apical cavitary disease that mimics TB
34
Who is at greatest risk for disseminated disease caused by coccidioides?
- Dark skinned individuals | - Preggers women
35
When is it safe to stop therapy for meningitis caused by Coccidioides?
NEVER
36
"aged pigeon droppings"
Cryptococcus
37
``` When drinking wine amongst the roses Or guzzling beer while throwing bricks Or playing games in bales of hay Where lurks the tricky __________ Beware the price you pay for play When you get struck by dread mycoses ```
sporothrix
38
_____________ may be an early indicator of acute infection with coccidiodes.
Erythema nodosum
39
_____________ may be an early indicator of acute infection with coccidiodes.
Erythema nodosum
40
Where is the natural habitat of Coccidioides?
-endemic to southwest US, form corpus christi to California
41
Where is the natural habitat of Blastomyces?
- easter/midwestern U.S. - Along Mississippi river - Great lakes + Ohio river valley
42
Where is the natural habitat of Histoplasma?
- Along mississippi river - south of great lakes ***look for people who go spelunking, likes bat and bird poop
43
Where is the natural habitat of Histoplasma?
- Along mississippi river - south of great lakes ***look for people who go spelunking, likes bat and bird poop
44
Where is the natural habitat of Paracoccioides brasiliensis?
-South america
45
What are the defining symptoms of Paracoccioides brasiliensis?
- mucocutaneous lesions in the mouth | - cervical lymphadenopathy
46
"Narrow-necked buds"
Paracoccioides brasiliensis
47
"Narrow-necked buds"
Paracoccioides brasiliensis
48
Aspergillus flavus produces _________ that causes hepatocellular carcinoma.
Aflatoxin
49
What are the three main clinical syndromes caused by Aspergillus?
1) Allergic aspergillus (allergic alveolitis & bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)) 2) Aspergilloma 3) Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
50
What are the four main clinical syndromes caused by Aspergillus?
1) Allergic aspergillus (allergic alveolitis & bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)) 2) Aspergilloma 3) Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis 4) chronic necrotizing aspergillosis
51
What are the four main clinical syndromes caused by Aspergillus?
1) Allergic aspergillus (allergic alveolitis & bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)) 2) Aspergilloma 3) Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis 4) chronic necrotizing aspergillosis
52
Where does one acquire Penicillium marneffei
Southeast asia
53
Where does one acquire Penicillium marneffei
Southeast asia
54
People taking deferoxamine, an iron chelator, are more susceptible to __________ infection.
Mucormycosis
55
People taking deferoxamine, an iron chelator, are more susceptible to __________ infection.
Mucormycosis
56
This fungus stains pink with mucicarmine:
What is....Cryptococcus neoformans?
57
"India ink on CSF"
Cryptococcus
58
What is the most common cause of fungal meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
59
Chronic sporothric arthritis simulates ______.
Rheumatoid arthritis
60
"Cigar shaped yeast"
Sporothrix schenckii
61
"rose thorn wound"
Sporothrix schenckii
62
What does Pneumocystic jirovecii cause?
-life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients
63
At a T cell count of _______, HIV patients become at risk for Pneumocystis.
2000
64
At a T cell count of _______, HIV patients become at risk for Pneumocystis.
200
65
What's a good diagnostic test for Pneumocystis pneumonia?
bronchoalveolar lavage
66
The principal finding of Pneumocystis pneumonia on pathological examination is the formation of a characteristic ___________alveolar exudate.
foamy, eosinophilic
67
What is the treatment for pneumocystic pneumonia?
-Bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)
68
What is the treatment for pneumocystic pneumonia?
-Bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)
69
Candida _________ can be differentiated from other Candida species by its ability to form germ tubes when incubated in serum at 37oC.
albicans
70
Patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis have disorders of __________.
lymphocytes
71
What factors can predispose people to candida infections?
- Broad spectrum antibiotics - Corticosteroids and cytotoxic chemotherapy - surgical procedures - prosthetic devices
72
What is Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?
- Failure of T-cell lymphocytes to respond to stimulation by Candida antigens - Patients usually present in infancy or childhood with thrush, followed by nail infections & disfiguring skin lesions of the face, scalp and hands
73
What is Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?
- Failure of T-cell lymphocytes to respond to stimulation by Candida antigens - Patients usually present in infancy or childhood with thrush, followed by nail infections & disfiguring skin lesions of the face, scalp and hands
74
Candida paronychia is common in individuals who have _____________.
Frequent immersion of their hands in water. | dishwashers & laundry workers
75
How do we differentiate diaper rash from Tinea crura?
Diaper rash (candida) has satelite lesions
76
If you have a patient who is Candidemic, you need to:
- call ID - Have ophthamologist look at eyes - remove IV catheter
77
How do we treat Candida infections?
- Most are susceptible to amphotericin B (but we don't use that) - azoles are good, except for krusei and glabrata - USE echinocandins
78
How do we treat Candida infections?
- Most are susceptible to amphotericin B (but we don't use that) - azoles are good, except for krusei and glabrata - USE echinocandins
79
What is Terbinafine used to treat?
Dermatophyte infections, especially nail infections
80
Amphotericin B binds to ________ in the fungal cell membrane.
Ergosterol
81
What is the major organ toxicity of Amphotericin B?
Kidney *enclosed by LDL, there are LDL receptors in kidney
82
Renal toxicity is lessened with liposomal amphotericin B preparations because:
-it associates with HDL instead of LDL
83
Renal toxicity is lessened with liposomal amphotericin B preparations because:
-it associates with HDL instead of LDL
84
Amphotericin B is _________, while azoles are ________.
- fungicidal | - fungistatic
85
When giving Voriconaole, you have to watch out with any other drug that the patient is taking that is metabolized by _________
P450
86
Cryptococcus neoformans has a ___________, that stains pink with mucicarmine.
large polysaccharide capsule
87
What is the most common cause of meningitis in people with AIDS?
-Cryptococcus neoformans A Fungus?!?!?!?!

Term 4: ID practice (22 decks)

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