UTI Flashcards
What are the different types of UTI’s?
-complicated and uncomplicated (may progress to complicated)
-ascending (infection starts from bladder) and descending (infection starts from kidneys)
What is significant bacteriuria?
the presence of bacteria in urine, can occur during pregnancy
What is cystitis?
infection of the bladder, ascending UTI, causes dysuria (painful urination), foul smelling urine
What is Acute Pyelonephritis?
infection of one or both kidneys, ascending, chills, fever, frequency and dysuria
What is the most common cause of community UTI?
E.coli
What are some other less frequent causes of UTI’s?
viral- cytomegalovirus
fungi- candida species
What are the risk factors for UTI’s?
Sexual intercourse
contraceptives
catheterisation, tumours
immunocompromised individuals (HIV)
What is the pathogenesis for UTIs?
1) associated with specific serotypes of E.coli, (UPEC)
2) Attachment: uses fimbriae to attach to surfaces -> P Fimbriae in kidney
3) Avoidance: polysaccharide capsule containing sialic acid is used to evade immune system
3) produces haemolysin to lyse RBC and cause tissue damage
What is the treatments for UTIs?
antibiotics/anti fungal treatments/ bacterial: antibiotic
What samples are collected in order to diagnose a UTI?
mid stream urine
bag urine/ suprapubic aspiration
catheter specimen of urine
Why is boric acid in urine sample tubes?
arrests the growth of bacteria
What is the treatment for uncomplicated lower UTI?
Nitrofurantoin: reduces bacterial flavoproteins, can be given to pregnant women
Trimethoprim, has a teratogenic risk in pregnancy
What is the treatment for complicated UTI?
ciprofloxacin: inhibits production of DNA gyrase, avoid in pregnancy
ceftriaxone: inhibits beta lactam producing bacteria, hypersensitive
