STI's

Question 1

Which bacteria causes chlamydia?

Answer 1

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 2

Which bacteria causes syphilis?

Answer 2

Treponema palidum

Question 3

What are some viral STI’s?

Answer 3

• Papillomavirus/HPV
• Herpes/HSV
• Hepatitis
• HIV
• Monkeypox

Question 4

What are the clinical manifestations of chlamydia?

Answer 4

• frequently asymptomatic
• men: urethritis, watery mucoid discharge
• female: urethritis, cervicitis, vaginitis

can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, can ascend to ovaries or descend to testicles

Question 5

Why is chlamydia difficult to study?

Answer 5

it is an obligate intracellular organism so we can’t culture it in a lab -> it has to grow intracellularly

Question 6

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

Answer 6

-azithromycin: single dose 2 x 500mg
-doxycycline: 7-14 days: 200mg

Question 7

What are the clinical manifestations of HPV?

Answer 7

warts, cauliflower appearance
can get cancer (cervical, anus, vagina, penis) in certain cases due to HPV-16/18

Question 8

how is hpv transmitted and what is its incubation period?

Answer 8

vaginal, anal and oral sex. incubation period is 1-6 months

Question 9

What is the most common cancer that can happen as a result of a hpv infection?

Answer 9

cervial cancer

Question 10

What is the treatment for HPV?

Answer 10

warts: podophylin
co2 laser removal for warts

can be prevented by vaccination

Question 11

What are the clinical manifestations of Herpes and what is the incubation period?

Answer 11

-asymptomatic in 70% cases
-herpes wounds: lesions in men and women
-is a latent infection
-tenderness and pain
-oral herpes: caused by HSV1
- can get dissemination of herpes
- side effect can be encephalitis

3-7 days incubation

Question 12

What is the treatment for Herpes?

Answer 12

-Acyclovir tablets
-Famciclovir

Question 13

What type of organism is Neisseria Gonorrhoea?

Answer 13

a gram negative diplococcus

Question 14

What are the clinical manifestations of Gonorrhoea and the incubation period?

Answer 14

2-7 days

asymptomatic in many cases

males: urethritis, dysuria, penile discharge

females: dysuria, cervicitis, thick purulent discharge

rectal infections and throat infections

Question 15

What are the complications of Gonorrhoea?

Answer 15

-epididymitis and prostatitis
-in females it can spread to fallopian tubes, can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility
-can cause eye infections in babies, sepsis, arthritis and skin lesions

Question 16

What is the pathogenesis of Gonorrhoea?

Answer 16

1) Adherence: pili, opa proteins help adhesion to surfaces
2) Sialic Acid capsule: mimics immune system to help evade host system and IgA protease which degrades antibody production
3) Transferrin and lactoferrin binding receptors: used to degrade blood proteins and take up iron

Question 17

How would we diagnose Gonorrhoea?

Answer 17

Males: urethral swab

Females: urethral/endocervical and vaginal samples required

transported using stuarts medium

-PCR in labs
-culture: blood/chocolate agar

Question 18

What would you see on a blood culture for Gonorrhoea?

Answer 18

-Gram negative diplococci
-Oxidase positive
-Catalase positive

Question 19

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

Answer 19

ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin