UTI Flashcards
what is the definition of bacteriuria?
bacteria in urine
symptomatic or asymptomatic
what is the definition of UTI?
symptomatic with positive culture/dipstick
what is the definition of urethral syndrome?
symptomatic but no bacteriuria
what are the different classifications of UTIs?
uncomplicated- normal GU tract + fx
complicated- abnormal GU tract, outflow obstruction, decreased renal function, impaired host defence, virulent organism
recurrent- further infx w new organism
relapse - further infx w same organism
how can pyelonephritis present?
fever, rigors
loin pain + tenderness
vomiting
oliguria if acute renal failure
how can cystitis present?
frequency + urgency
polyuria
haematuria
dysuria
suprapubic tenderness
foul smelling urine
how can prostatitis present?
flu-like symptoms
low backache
dysuria
tender swollen prostate on PR
what is sterile pyuria?
presence of wcc in urine without active infection
what are the causes of sterile pyuria?
TB
treated UTI
appendicitis
calculi
TIN- tubulointerstitial nephritis
papillary necrosis
polycystic kidney
chemical cystitis eg cyclophosphamide
what are the risk factors for UTI?
female
sex
pregnancy
menopause
diabetes
abnormal tract- stone, obstruction, catheter, malformation
what organisms can cause UTI?
e coli
staphylococcus saprophyticus
proteus- alkaline urine can lead to struvite renal stones
klebsiella
what investigations are needed for UTI?
urine dipstick if <65
MSU for MCS
bloods- FBC, UE, bcx if systemic signs
ultrasound- in children, men, recurrence, pyelonephritis
what results indicate a positive culture?
> 10^4 CFU/ml pure growth
10^3 CFU/ml pure growth of E coli or S saprophyticus
10^5 CFU/ml mixed growth w one predominant organism
what is the general treatment/prevention for UTIs?
drink more
urinate often
abx prophylaxis
?cranberry juice evidence
what is the management of cystitis?
treat for 3-6 days
trimethoprim 200mg BD
nitrofurantoin 50mg QDS- not in renal failure
cefalexin 500mg BD- good in renal failure
co-amoxiclav 625mg TDS
