UTI Flashcards
How do you diagnose a UTI
urinalysis and culture
How do you treat a bacterial UTI
remove any catheters and obstruction and give abx
Where can bacterial UTIs infect
urethra
prostate
bladder
kidneys
What are some symptoms of a bacterial UTI
urinary frequency/urgency
dysuria
lower abdominal pain
flank pain
*can lead to sepsis
Where are female UTIs most common
pyelonephritis
cystitis
Where are UTIs in males most commonly
Urethritis
prostatitis
At what age do UTI incidence increase
Are females still at highest risk?
> 50
No b/c with age, males get prostate enlargment
What is the risk factors for UTIs in females
Sex
diaphragm &spermacide use
new sex partner in past year
h/o recurrent UTIs
first UTI at early age
menopause
What are increased risks for UTI in both sexes
Immunocompromised state
stones/ obstructions
congential abnormalities
catheter use / recent urinary procedure
What is the most likely causative organism of a UTI in a normal GU tract
What other organisms are less common but can be sen
E.Coli
(-)Kledbsiella, (-)pseudamonas, staph (+)saprophyticus
**typically a gram negative bacteria
What type of UTIs are considered uncomplicated
lower UTI
cystitis/pyelonephritis
no comorbidities
no structural/functional abnormalities present
What are complicated UTIs
children
pregnancy
structural/functional damage
comorbidities
recent urinary procedures
Classifications of UTI
Urethritis
cystitis
acute urethral syndrome
acute pyelonephritis
What is generally the cause of urethritis
Which sex more susceptible
generally STI
both sexes
What is cystitis
When would men get this
infection of bladder
generally secondary to urethral instrumentation
Who gets acute urethral syndrome
Symptoms?
females
low colony counts, dysuria, pyuria that resembles cystitis
What is acute pyelonephritis
What is the cause
bacterial infection of kidney parenchyma
ascension of bacterial through the urinary tract
uncommon in men
What is the clinical presentation of urethritis
dysuria = main symptom
purulent discharge
What is the clinical presentation of cystitis
Sudden onset frequency, urgency, painful voiding, small volumes
suprapubic pain is common, turbid urine, low grade fever
What is the clinical presentation associated with acute pyelonephritis
same as cystitis +
fever/chills/flank pain
tender
possible enlarged kidney
CVA tenderness on affected side
What is the typical presentation for UTIs in elderly
altered mentation
acute incontinence
GI complaints/symptoms
urinary retention
When should urethral syndrome be considered in females
when they have repeated dysuria and pyuria but no bacteria
When is a urine culture ordered
when there is a complicated UTI
pathogen that needs to be identified
Spsis
When should structural abnormalities be investigated
> 2 episodes of pyelonephritis
complicated bacteria
always same bacteria
nephrolithiasis suspected
painless gross hematuria
fever persists>72 hours
