Renal Labs Flashcards by Melissa Ring

What is included within a UA

RBCs, nitrites, WBC esterase by dipstick

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is measured with a UA

What type of test is this

pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose

Macroscopic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is looked for in the analysis of urine

What type of test is this

casts, crystals, and cells (sediment)

Microscopic

requires a lab

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is required by the patient for a good UA sample

Needs to be tested w/n 2 hours
mid-stream CLEAN catch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the pathologic cause of cloudy urine

food/drug cause?

Pyuria
Lipiduria

Purine-rich foods

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the pathologic cause for dark yellow urine

Food/drug cause

Concentrated urine

Carrots

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the pathologic cause of orange urine

Food/drug cause?

Bile

phenothiazines, pyridium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the pathologic cause of red urine

food/drug cause

hamturia
hemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria

rifampin, beets, blackberries, rhubarb

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the pathologic cause of brown urine

food/drug cause

Bile
myoglobin

fava beans, flagyl, L-dopa, nitrofuritonin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the pathologic cause of green/blue urine

food/drug?

purple bag syndrome

Multiple bacteria (indwelling catheter)

amitriptyline, IV cimetidine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the marker for the presence of RBC in urine

Leukocyte esterase

negative to +3

not an actual number

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What test correlates with urine osmolality

what if its high?

What if its low?

Specific gravity

AKI, DI, overhydration

SIADH, addisons, dehydration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What will cause the urine to be alkalotic

Staghorn, Citrate foods

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the normal pH of urine

5.5 to 6.5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What issue will cause a false positive for blood in urine test

Rhabdomyolysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is Billirubin present in urine in healthy people?

but small amounts of Urobilinogen will be present

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If Ketones come back high with a dipstick test, what should your next step be

getting a serum ketone level

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most abundant Ketone with DKA and AKA

Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What needs to be added to a a dipstick urine sample when looking for albumin

What is a normal albumin excretion level

Bromphenol blue

<30

What is the screening test of choice for diabetic neuropathy

Urine albumin to creatinine ratio

*requires a 24hr collection

What is a normal 24 hour urine output amount

800-2000mL/day

What can renal tubular cells progress to

What are they indicative of

oval fat bodies

suggests pathology

What are casts

Cylindrical structures composed of mucoprotein

What are the different types of casts that can be present in urine

Hyaline
waxy
RBC/WBC
epithelial
granular
muddy brown
fatty
mixed

What type of casts indicate advanced/chronic renal disease

waxy/broad cats

What causes RBC casts

glomerulonephritis

What casts will be seen with kidney inflammation or infection

WBC casts

What type of casts does intense exercise/ dehydration, ESRD cause

Granular *Muddy brown casts

What type of casts are pathognomonic for acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

Muddy brown casts

What is the most common cause of kidney stones

Calcium oxalate

What is struvite | how are the crystals described

magnesium-ammonium-phosphate | coffin lid crystals

Which medications can lead to renal crystal formation

Acyclovir Sulfa drugs Atazanavir methotrexate

What is the most common urine culture medium (sensitivity)

blood agar MacConkey agar

What urine test is best for the workup of hypo/hypernatremia, SIADH, and DI

osmolality

Is a urine Hcg test quantitative or qualitative

Qualitative

What is the waste product from liver metabolism of protein called | What does this test for

Nitrogen | function of renal and liver function

What is a normal BUN

8-18mg/dL

What factors will decrease your BUN

low protein diet malnutrition severe liver damage

What is the best measure of Kidney function and why

Creatinine which is a marker for GFR | creatinine is almost completely excreted by the kidneys

What is a normal creatinine

.6-1.2

What are some important factors when creatinine is measured

pts. muscle mass needs to be accounted for small rise at the lower end of the scale can mean a BIG decrease in GFR

What causes a decrease in creatinine

pregnancy starvation wasting disease corticosteroids dialysis

What is a normal BUN/creatinine ration

10:1

what is 20:1 BUN/creatinine ratio suggest

pre-renal azotemia -dehydration -renal hypoperfusion

What does BUN/creatinine ratio help determine

the casue of AKI or kidney failure

What is a noraml eGFR | What is it used for

>90ml/min | used to stage kidney function

what eGFR will require dialysis

<15