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Microbiology > UTI > Flashcards

UTI Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is important about the urethra?

A

It is not sterile - makes it hard to diagnose

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2
Q

What is asymptomatic bacteria

A

When there is bacteria in the urine but there is no infection.

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3
Q

When are we worried about bacteria in the urine?

A
  • In children
  • In pregnant women
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4
Q

Define

  • Bacteuriria
  • Cystitis
A
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5
Q

Define uncomplicated UTI.

A
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6
Q

Define uncomplicated UTIs

A
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7
Q

In who do we always consider a complicated UTI?

A
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8
Q

What is the prevalence of bacteriuria in young non pregnant women?

A

1% to 3%

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9
Q

What percentage of those with bacteriuria are symptomatic?

A

40-50%

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10
Q

What is the most frequent organism causes UTIs?

A
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11
Q

What E.coli serogroups cause infection?

A
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12
Q

How does virulence vary between types of organisms?

A
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13
Q

What are the other organisms that cause UTIs?

A
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14
Q

What is proteus mirabilis associated with?

A

Stones

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15
Q

What is Klebsiella aerogenes associated with?

A

Catheters

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16
Q

What is second to e.coli infection in young women?

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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17
Q

What happens in recurrent UTIs?

A
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18
Q

What are the antibacterial host defences in the urinary tract?

A
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19
Q

How does an ascending UTI develop in women?

A

Once within bladder, bacteria ,multiply then pass up the ureters, especially if vesicoureteral reflux present, to the renal pelvis and parenchyma

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20
Q

How do renal tract abnormalities affect UTIs?

A
21
Q

What are the causes of obstruction?

A
22
Q

What are the neurogenic causes of obstruction

A

•Neurogenic malfunction

  • poliomyelitis,
  • tabes dorsalis,
  • diabetic neuropathy,
  • spinal cord injuries
23
Q

How does reflux affect UTis?

A

•Vesicoureteral reflux tends to perpetuate infection by maintaining a residual pool of infected urine in the bladder after voiding

24
Q

Describe the haematogenous route to UTIs?

A

Staph aureus doesn’t usually ascend the kidney

Not a UTI

25
Q

What are the symptoms of UTIs in children <2 yrs and neonates?

A
  • Failure to thrive
  • vomiting
  • fever
26
Q

What are the symptoms of UTIs in children >2yrs

A
  • frequency
  • dysuria
  • abdominal or flank pain
27
Q

What are symptoms of lower UTIs?

A
28
Q

What are the symptoms of upper UTIs?

A
29
Q

What symptoms do older patients with UTIs have?

A
30
Q

How do we investigate UTIs?

A
31
Q

What are the further ix of UTIs?

A
32
Q

What are the NICE guideline to treating UTIs in under 65yr olds?

A
33
Q

What do we need to consider in men under 65yrs?

A
34
Q

What are the NICE guidelines to treating UTIs in over 65yr olds?

A
35
Q

How should we interpret results in adults for UTIs? What should we consider?

A
36
Q

How do you interpret a urine culture in a suspected UTI?

A
37
Q

What are white cells and epithelial cells indicative of?

A
38
Q

Why would you get sterile pyuria?

A
39
Q

Why do we culture organisms?

A

It is likely that a significant proportion of its wirtth both symptomatic and asymptomatic infection will have less than 105

  • does not rule out uti
40
Q

What is the treatment of UTIs

A
41
Q

What is the significance of fungal infections in UTIs?

A
  • no tx recommended expect if immunocompromised or going for surgery
42
Q

Define pyelonephritis

A
  • Infection of the Kidney
  • The greater the number of organisms delivered to the kidneys, the greater is the chance of producing infection.
  • The kidney itself is not uniformly susceptible to infection—very few organisms are needed to infect the medulla, whereas 10,000 times as many are needed to infect the cortex
43
Q

What is pyelonephritis associated with? How do you treat? What do you image

A
44
Q

What are the complications of UTIs?

A
45
Q

Explain the use of prophylaxis in UTIs.

A
46
Q
A

Squamous epithelial cells

47
Q
A

Squamous cell epithelial

48
Q
A

Nitrite

Microbiology (19 decks)

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