UTI Flashcards
What is important about the urethra?
It is not sterile - makes it hard to diagnose
What is asymptomatic bacteria
When there is bacteria in the urine but there is no infection.
When are we worried about bacteria in the urine?
- In children
- In pregnant women
Define
- Bacteuriria
- Cystitis
Define uncomplicated UTI.
Define uncomplicated UTIs
In who do we always consider a complicated UTI?
What is the prevalence of bacteriuria in young non pregnant women?
1% to 3%
What percentage of those with bacteriuria are symptomatic?
40-50%
What is the most frequent organism causes UTIs?
What E.coli serogroups cause infection?
How does virulence vary between types of organisms?
What are the other organisms that cause UTIs?
What is proteus mirabilis associated with?
Stones
What is Klebsiella aerogenes associated with?
Catheters
What is second to e.coli infection in young women?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
What happens in recurrent UTIs?
What are the antibacterial host defences in the urinary tract?
How does an ascending UTI develop in women?
Once within bladder, bacteria ,multiply then pass up the ureters, especially if vesicoureteral reflux present, to the renal pelvis and parenchyma
How do renal tract abnormalities affect UTIs?
What are the causes of obstruction?
What are the neurogenic causes of obstruction
•Neurogenic malfunction
- poliomyelitis,
- tabes dorsalis,
- diabetic neuropathy,
- spinal cord injuries
How does reflux affect UTis?
•Vesicoureteral reflux tends to perpetuate infection by maintaining a residual pool of infected urine in the bladder after voiding
Describe the haematogenous route to UTIs?
Staph aureus doesn’t usually ascend the kidney
Not a UTI
What are the symptoms of UTIs in children <2 yrs and neonates?
- Failure to thrive
- vomiting
- fever
What are the symptoms of UTIs in children >2yrs
- frequency
- dysuria
- abdominal or flank pain
What are symptoms of lower UTIs?
What are the symptoms of upper UTIs?
What symptoms do older patients with UTIs have?
How do we investigate UTIs?
What are the further ix of UTIs?
What are the NICE guideline to treating UTIs in under 65yr olds?
What do we need to consider in men under 65yrs?
What are the NICE guidelines to treating UTIs in over 65yr olds?
How should we interpret results in adults for UTIs? What should we consider?
How do you interpret a urine culture in a suspected UTI?
What are white cells and epithelial cells indicative of?
Why would you get sterile pyuria?
Why do we culture organisms?
It is likely that a significant proportion of its wirtth both symptomatic and asymptomatic infection will have less than 105
- does not rule out uti
What is the treatment of UTIs
What is the significance of fungal infections in UTIs?
- no tx recommended expect if immunocompromised or going for surgery
Define pyelonephritis
- Infection of the Kidney
- The greater the number of organisms delivered to the kidneys, the greater is the chance of producing infection.
- The kidney itself is not uniformly susceptible to infection—very few organisms are needed to infect the medulla, whereas 10,000 times as many are needed to infect the cortex
What is pyelonephritis associated with? How do you treat? What do you image
What are the complications of UTIs?
Explain the use of prophylaxis in UTIs.
Squamous epithelial cells
Squamous cell epithelial
Nitrite
