Uterine Pathologies Flashcards by Sarah Czuba

**Leiomyoma:

Symptoms

Frequency and retention of urine; Iron-deficient anemia; Bleeding abnormalities; Reproductive difficulties; Obstipation(constipation) and rectal pressure; Infertility; Dysmeonorrhea and painful intercourse; Symptomless

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**Leiomyoma:

Sonographic Appearance

distortion of uterine contour, well-defined, and vascularity in periphery

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Uterine calcifications can be an indicator of…

hypertension, diabetes, or chronic renal failure

more commonly found in myomas (can be due to necrosis)and can be seen in arcuate vessels

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**Adenomyosis:

Symptoms

hypermenorrhea, menorrhagia, metrorrhea, dysmenorrhea

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**Diffuse Adenomyosis:

Sonographic Appearance

indistinct border between endometrium and myometrium, Swiss-cheese or honeycomb pattern, diffusely enlarged uterus, diffuse heterogeneity

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**Focal Adenomyosis:

Sonographic Appearance

indistinct margins, myometrial cysts, internal Doppler vascularity

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Arteriovenous Malformations:

Sonographic Appearance

serpiginous anechoic structures, subtle heterogeneous myometrium, tubular spaces within myometrium

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Arteriovenous Malformations:

Symptoms

Women of childbearing years have metrorrhagia with blood loss and anemia

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Arteriovenous Malformations show what type of flow pattern?

arterial flow: high velocity, low resistance
venous flow: high velocity, arterial component
also turbulent flow in myometrium

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Leiomyosarcoma:

Symptoms

asymptomatic, uterine bleeding, pelvic pain

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Leiomyosarcoma:

Sonographic Appearance

solid or mixed-solid texture, rapid growth, resembles myomas, common in fundus

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Lipoleiomyoma:

Sonographic Appearance

echogenic, no Doppler flow, well-defined

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Lipoleiomyoma:
Symptoms
NOT for FINAL

pelvic discomfort, palpable mass, irregular menses

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**Endometrial Hyperplasia:

Symptoms

postmenopausal bleeding

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**Endometrial Hyperplasia:

Sonographic Appearance

abnormal endometrial thickening, well-defined, cystic areas within endometrium

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**Endometrial Polyps:

Symptoms

asymptomatic, uterine bleeding, menometrorrhagia in reproductive age

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**Endometrial Polyps:

Sonographic Appearance

echogenic endometrial thickening, round echogenic mass within endometrial cavity, pedunculated with Doppler feeding vessel pattern

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Endometritis:

Symptoms

lower abdominal pain, fever, dysmenorrhea

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Endometritis:

Sonographic Appearance

irregular endometrium, enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, dilated fallopian tubes, pus in cul-de-sac

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**Endometrial Carcinoma:

Symptoms

postmenopausal bleeding, abdominal pain, association with estrogen replacement therapy

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**Endometrial Carcinoma:

Sonographic Appearance

thickened endometrium ( >5mm), enlarged uterus, irregular low level echoes, endometrial fluid collection

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**Synechiae:

Sonographic Appearance

bright endometrial echoes, easily identified with fluid distending endometrial cavity

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Another name for Synechiae is…

Asherman’s Syndrome, endometrial adhesions

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Another name for Leiomyoma is…

myoma or fibroid

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dysmenorrhea

painful periods

dyspareunia

painful intercourse

hypermenorrhea

abnormal uterine bleeding

menorrhagia

heavy/long period

metrorrhagia

irregular bleeding

pyometra

pus filled uterus

polymenorrheic

cycle occurs at intervals of less than 21 days

oligomenorrheic

cycle prolonged for more than 35 days

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

menometrorrhagia

excessive irregular bleeding | combination of metrorrhagia and menorrhagia

What is the most common gynecologic tumor?

leiomyomas/myomas/fibroids

**What is the most common gynecologic malignancy in North America?

Endometrial carcinoma

Large Endometrial Fluid Collections: | Symptoms

abdominal pain, enlarged abdominal mass, pressure

Large Endometrial Fluid Collections: | Sonographic Appearance

centrally cystic, round, moderately enlarged uterus

In postmenopausal women who are bleeding, what endometrial measurement would be considered safe?

less than 5mm

In postmenopausal women who are bleeding, what endometrial measurement would be considered suspicious?

greater than 5mm

In postmenopausal women who are not bleeding, what endometrial measurement would be considered safe?

less than 8mm

In postmenopausal women who are not bleeding, what endometrial measurement would be considered suspicious?

greater than 8mm

In postmenopausal women who are not bleeding, what endometrial measurement would not need a biopsy because the caner risk is low?

greater than 11mm

**What is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding?

Endometrial hyperplasia

**The locations of leiomyomas are...

submucosal, intramural, subserosal, pedunculated, or intracavitary

**What are the demographics for leiomyomas?

more common in African American women

**Which leiomyoma location causes heavy bleeding?

submucosal and intracavitray

**What is the most common leiomyoma location?

intramural

What is the most common location of adenomyosis?

the posterior aspect

What are the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma?

obesity (causes changes in estrogen levels), diabetes, hypertension, or low parity (exposed to more estrogen than women with more births)

What is a good sonographic sign for endometrial carcinoma?

intactness of the inner layer of the endometrium (subendometrial halo) indicates superficial invasion

Why is the diagnosis for arteriovenous malformations critical?

D&C may lead to catastrophic hemorrhaging and could cause death

What are the demographics for adenomyosis?

most common with parous women in their late 30s and early 40s

What are the demographics for uterine leiomyosarcoma?

common in women 40-60 years old

What are differential considerations for an enlarged uterus?

pregnancy, postpartum, leiomyomas, adenomyosis, bicornuate or didelphic uterus

What are the differential considerations for a uterine tumor?

leiomyoma or carcinoma

What are the differential considerations for a thickened endometrium?

early intrauterine pregnancy, endometrial hyperplasia, retained products of conception/incomplete abortion, trophoblastic disease, endometritis, adhesions, polyps, inflammatory disease, endometrial carcinoma

What are the differential considerations for endometrial fluid?

endometritis, retained products of conception, PID, cervical obstruction

What are the differential considerations for endometrial shadowing?

gas/abscess, IUD, calcified myomas or vessels, retained products of conception

What is the premenopausal association with endometrial carcinoma?

anovulatory cysts (follicles grow but do not ovulate, but continues to divide and release estrogen encouraging cells to divide)

What is the postmenopausal association with endometrial carcinoma?

estrogen replacement theray

What could small endometrial fluid collections be a result of?

ectopic pregnancy, endometritis, degenerating myoma, recent abortion

Uterine Pathologies Flashcards

(62 cards)