Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GYN > Female Anatomy > Flashcards

Female Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

**What is the size of the neonatal uterus?

A

3.5cm in length with a fundus to cervix ratio of 1:2
(the cervix is bigger than the fundus)
the uterine size is large due to mother’s hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

**What is the uterine size at 2-3 months old?

A

2.5-3cm in length with a fundus to cervix ratio of 1:1
tubular configuration
the endometrial stripe echoes not visualized
endometrial fluid may be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

**What is the average size of the premenarchal uterus?

A

1-3cm in length with a width of 0.5-1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

**What happens to a pediatric uterus?

A

it increases in size after the age of 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

**What is the size of the uterus in a pediatric girl?

A

5-7cm in length with a fundus-cervix ratio becoming 3:1

the fundus is larger than cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

**What is the size of the uterus in menarchy?

A

6-8cm in length and 3-5cm wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

**With multiparity, what is the size of the uterus?

A

the uterus increases in size by 1-2cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

**What is the size of the uterus in postmenopausal women?

A

3.5-5.5cm in length and 2-3cm wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

**What is RI?

A

resistive index

(peak systole minus peak diastole) divided by peak systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

**What does RI indicate?

A

RI 0.4 or greater is normal

malignancy is considered below and benign is considered to be above the values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

**What is PI?

A

pulsitality index

doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

**What are signs of malignancy with RI?

A

intratumoral vessels, low-resistance flow, absence of normal diastolic notch in Doppler waveform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

**What does PI indicate?

A

PI 1.0 or more is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

**What is the pulsatality index?

A

a measure of the variability of blood velocity in a vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

**What is the resistive index?

A

a measure of pulsitile blood flow that reflects the resistance to blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What bones are in the bony pelvis?

A

two innominate (coxal) bones (anterior and lateral margins), sacrum and coccyx (posterior wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the margins of the pelvis?

A

posterior wall: sacrum and coccyx
posterolateral wall: piriformis and obturator internus muscles
anterolateral wall: hip bones and obturator internus muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvis?

A

psoas major, iliacus, piriformis, obturator internus, levator ani, coccygeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the muscles of the true pelvis?

A

piriformis muscle, obturator internus muscle, pelvic floor muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common muscle to be mistaken for the ovary?

A

piriformis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What muscles form the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani (pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puborectalis muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?

A

levator ani (pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puborectalis muscles) and coccygeus (coccygeus and piriformis muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the muscles of the false pelvis?

A

iliopsoas muscle (psoas major and iliacus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are other names for the rectouterine pouch?

A

posterior cul-de-sac or Pouch of Douglas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

**What flow does the uterine arteries have?

A

high velocity and high resistance

in a pregnant woman, flow becomes low resistive in the first trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

**What is the most consistent and successful area for assessing ovarian Doppler flow?

A

ovarian branch of uterine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

**What flow does the ovarian artery have?

A

follicular phase: low velocity and high resistance
early luteal phase: high velocity and low resistance
late luteal phase: medium resistance and gradually increasing in follicular phase and develops low velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where are arcuate vessels located in the myometrium?

A

between the outer and intermediate layers of the myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What vessels are shed during menstruation?

A

spiral arteries along with zona functionalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where do the ovarian veins drain?

A

the left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein and the right ovarian vein drains into the IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the relation between the vagina and urethra?

A

the anterior wall of the vagina is fused with the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which vaginal wall attaches higher on the cervix?

A

the posterior vaginal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the normal uterine position?

A

anteflexed and anteverted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is uterine flexion?

A

refers to the axis of the uterine body relative to the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is uterine version?

A

refers to axis of cervix relative to vagina

36
Q

What supports the uterus?

A

levator ani muscles, cardinal ligaments, uterosacral ligaments
(round ligaments hold uterus in anteverted position)

37
Q

What supports the cervix?

A

cardinal ligaments hold cervix firmly in place

38
Q

What is dextro/levoversion?

A

dextro: tilt to right of midline
levo: lilt to left of midline

39
Q

What classifies premenarche?

A

prepuberty

40
Q

What classifies menarche?

A

first menstrual bleeding/state of reproductive age

41
Q

What classifies premenopause?

A

before menopause (can last 2-10 years)

42
Q

What classifies menopause?

A

cessation of menses for one year

43
Q

What are the layers of the uterus superficial to deep?

A

perimetrium (serous), outer myometrial layer, intermediate myometrial layer, inner myometrial layer (endometrial halo), stratum basalis and stratum functionalis (endometrium)

44
Q

**What is the sonographic appearance of the endometrium during menstruation?

A

irregular endometrium measuring 3-4mm or less
endometrial canal appears hypoechoic and posterior enhancement in early menses
if flow is heavy, entire cavity can appear anechoic
as menses progresses, endometrial stripe is visible (2-3mm) as thin hyperechoic line

45
Q

**How does the endometrium look sonographically in the early proliferative phase?

A

endometrial canal appears as thin strip with hypoechoic endometrium (4-8mm)

46
Q

**What creates the three-line sign in the late proliferative phase?

A

the stratum basalis represents the first and third line and the endometrial cavity represents the second line

47
Q

What happens during the proliferative phase?

A

the number of cells increase

48
Q

What happens in the secretory phase?

A

the size of cells increase

49
Q

**What does the endometrium look like sonographically in the secretory phase?

A

it is at it’s greatest thickness (7-14mm) and echogenicity with posterior enhancement
functionalis layer becomes isoechoic with basalis layer

50
Q

**What is the sonographic appearance of a postmenopausal endometrium?

A

thin, homogeneous, echogenic (5mm or less)

51
Q

**How thick is a postmenopausal endometrium if the woman is taking HRT?

A

10-14mm

52
Q

How long are the fallopian tubes?

A

8-10mm

53
Q

What are the sections of the fallopian tubes?

A

fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, interstitial portion

54
Q

What hormones do the ovaries secrete?

A

estrogen and progesterone

55
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

to mature oocytes until ovulation, synthesizes androgens to estrogen, production of progesterone after ovulation (for 10-12 weeks to sustain early pregnancy)

56
Q

What happens to the ovaries as women go through menopause?

A

they atrophy

57
Q

How do you calculate ovarian volume?

A

0.523 x length x thickness x width

58
Q

What are the normal volumes of a premenarchal, menstruating, and postmenopausal ovary?

A

premenarchal: 3-8cm cubed
menstruating: 9.8-21.9cm cubed
postmenopausal: 5.8-8cm cubed

59
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

the development of an oocyte

60
Q

What is the definition of ovulation?

A

release of mature oocyte from ovary

61
Q

What is the definition of fertilization?

A

when sperm meets with oocyte

62
Q

What is a zygote?

A

result of fertilization

63
Q

What is gravidity?

A

number of pregnancies

64
Q

What is parity?

A

number of births/fetus past 20 weeks/fetus of 500g or more

65
Q

What is the size of a mature follicle?

A

around 2cm

66
Q

What is another name for a mature follicle?

A

Graafian follicle

67
Q

How does a congenital anomaly occur?

A

when embryonic mullerian ducts do not: elongate, fuse, and form lumens between the seventh and twelfth week of embryonic development

68
Q

If a mullerian anomaly is found, what other organ should be examined?

A

kidneys

69
Q

**What is vaginal atresia?

A

when vagina is abnormally closed or absent

70
Q

**What is a unicornuate uterus?

A

a uterus that has a single horn and a cigar shape

71
Q

Does a unicornuate uterus cause infertility?

A

yes; ovulation is normal, but once baby starts to grow, there is not enough room causing 2nd trimester miscarriages

72
Q

**What is uterus didelphys?

A

complete duplication of uterus, cervix, and vagina

73
Q

Does a didelphys uterus cause infertility?

A

yes; ovulation is normal, but once baby starts to grow, there is not enough room causing 2nd trimester miscarriages

74
Q

**What is a bicornuate uterus?

A

the duplication of uterus with a common cervix

75
Q

What is the shape of a bicornuate uterus?

A

heart shaped

76
Q

Does a bicornuate uterus cause infertility?

A

yes; ovulation is normal, but once baby starts to grow, there is not enough room causing 2nd trimester miscarriages

77
Q

**What is a septate uterus?

A

two uterine cavities that are seen closely spaced with one fundus

78
Q

Does a septate uterus cause infertility?

A

yes; ovulation is normal, but the septum is inadequate for plantation resulting in 1st trimester miscarriages

79
Q

**What is a T-shaped uterus?

A

uterus is normal in size and shape externally, but the cavity is t-shaped with irregular contour

80
Q

How is a T-shaped uterus developed?

A

related to exposure to drug diethlstibestrol (DES) in utero

81
Q

What is the most common cause of precocious pseudopuberty?

A

excessive exogenous synthesis of gonadal steroids

82
Q

What is the most common cause of female pseudohermaphrodites?

A

congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia

83
Q

**What is the normal sonographic appearance of the ovaries?

A

varies with age and menstruation

homogeneous, more echogenic medulla, follicles around periphery

84
Q

What is the sonographic difference between an ovulatory follicle and a subdominant follicle?

A

a subdominant follicle will not ovulate, it will be misshapen, thin walls, scalloping, less vascularized

85
Q

**What does the endometrium measure in the late proliferative phase, around ovulation?

A

6-10mm

86
Q

**Summarize all uterine sizes during a lifetime.

A 
neonatal: 3.5cm long (f-c ratio 1:2)
2-3 mo: 2.5-3cm long (f-c ratio 1:1)
pediatric: increases in size after age 7
pediatric: 5-7cm long (f-c ratio becoming 3:1)
average premenarchal: 1-3cm long; 0.5-1cm wide
menarchal: 6-8cm long; 3-5cm wide
multiparity: increases by 1-2cm
menopausal: 3.5-5.5cm long; 2-3cm wide
87
Q

**Summarize all endometrial thicknesses throughout menstruation.

A

during menstruation: hypoechoic canal (3-4mm); heavy menses is anechoic canal and enhancement; late menses is thin, hyperechoic endometrium (2-3mm)
early proliferative: hypoechoic (4-8mm)
late proliferative: three line appearance (6-10mm)
secretory: increasing thickness and echogenicity, endometrium becoming isoechoic (7-14mm)
postmenopausal: thin, echogenic strip (<5mm)
HRT postmenopausal: 10-14mm

GYN (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions